Project report & Thesis (Bachelor of Pharmacy)

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Open Access
Exploring nanotechnology applications in Breast cancer
(BRAC University, 2025) Tonima, Jannatul Ferdaus; Khan, Md. Fardin; Sharmin, Sabrina; School of Pharmacy
This thesis shows and gives us an idea about the knowledge of disease biology with developments in nanoscale advances to investigate the many uses of nanotechnology in breast cancer. The study opens with a review of the pathophysiology of breast cancer, highlighting the molecular and genetic abnormalities that drive tumor development and progression. It also categorizes the main forms and clinical phases of breast cancer, providing the biological and medical background required to assess new Nano-technological treatments. Building on this framework, the thesis investigates how nanotechnology is transforming the identification, diagnosis, and management of breast cancer. It also assesses the broader advantages of nanotechnology, such as enhanced selectivity and treatment efficacy, alongside its disadvantages, including potential toxicity and production complexities. Key challenges and limitations that range from biocompatibility concerns to regulatory hurdles are critically discussed.
Open Access
Evaluation of serum interleukin-3 level in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case-control study
(BRAC University, 2026) Hoque, Mahima; Islam, Md. Rabiul; School of Pharmacy
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by intrusive, unwanted thoughts and repetitive actions. The aim for this analysis is to determine relationship between OCD and IL-3. Interleukin-3; pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in the production of many types of blood cells. The number of patients who participated in this study was 209 and the number of controls was 201. Participants with OCD were diagnosed by a qualified psychiatrist using the DSM-V criteria for OCD as opposed to healthy controls. The severity of OCD was measured using the Y-BOCS and cytokine level was measure by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Patients in this study had a mean cytokine concentration of (0.49 ± 0.01) pg/ml and the mean cytokine concentration of controls was (0.66 ± 0.02) pg/ml. IL-3 that might help with the early detection of patients and speeds up the process of gaining knowledge and making diagnosis of OCD. IL-3 can effectively differentiate between OCD patients and healthy individuals still more research is needed to for better diagnostic strategies treatment plans.
Open Access
Evaluation of interleukin-22 levels in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients in Bangladesh
(BRAC University, 2026) Jisan, Tahsin Uddin; Islam, Md. Rabiul; School of Pharmacy
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common neuropsychiatric disease with recurring obsessions and compulsions causing functional impairment. There is emerging literature indicating the association between immune dysregulation and cytokine profile in OCD. But there is no previous research about the Interleukin-22 (IL-22) amount present in the serum, which is pro-inflammatory as well as tissue-protective cytokine, in OCD patients. This case-control study was designed to investigate the serum level of IL-22 in OCD patients and its possible association with the disease. A total of 200 OCD patients and 176 controls with matched socio-demographic characteristics were enrolled in this study. OCD diagnosis was done using DSM-5 criteria, and Y-BOCS scale was utilized to find out the severity of the symptoms in patients. The serum level of IL-22 was estimated using ELISA method. It was found that the level of IL-22 in the serum of OCD patients (28.45 ± 0.54 pg/ml) was significantly lower when compared to healthy controls (32.22 ± 0.73 pg/ml), with p<0.001. However, considering the established knowledge concerning the involvement of IL-22 in the inflammation processes, it can be speculated that there is a certain problem in the regulatory mechanism of the immune response as well as tissue repair in patients. To the best of our knowledge, this appears to be the first study showing the IL-22 serum levels in patients with OCD in Bangladesh. Our findings indicate that the serum levels of IL-22 might be taken into account as a potential biomarker for OCD. Further research with larger sample sizes and broader cytokine panels is needed to confirm these findings and better understand the function and role of IL-22 in the disease progression in OCD.
Open Access
Finasteride-associated suicidality: a pharmacovigilance analysis of FAERS database
(BRAC University, 2022-11) Khan, Fardin Salekin; Talukder, Mesbah; School of Pharmacy
The adverse events of finasteride remained controversial since the introduction of the drug. However, after 2012, suicidality was reported to a greater extent. So, we investigated the association of suicidality and finasteride using FAERS database. We conducted a disproportionality analysis to identify signals of suicidality with finasteride using reporting odds ratio. Then, we obtained significant signals against whole database (ROR, 6.25; 95% CI, 5.85–6.67) and against drug of similar indication (minoxidil) (ROR, 55.1; 95% CI, 42.8–70.8). In sensitivity analyses, older patients showed significant signals for suicidal ideation (ROR, 16.5; 95% CI, 4.85-56.3) and for both before 2012 (ROR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.04-14.41) and after 2012 (ROR, 4.04; 95% CI, 2.28-7.14). Hence, analyses confirmed that older patients have higher risk of suicidality compared to younger patients. Also, stimulated reporting did not cause suicidality to give signals for finasteride. However, there are certain limitations which needs further research attention.
Open Access
Evaluation of serum MIF levels in obsessive compulsive disorder patients: a case-control study
(BRAC University, 2026-04) Humaira, Syeda Tahsin Fahmida; Islam, Md. Rabiul; School of Pharmacy
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder where time consuming and disturbing unwanted obsessions and compulsions are observed. Various research has been done on the biological markers of OCD to determine a relation between these indicators and OCD. But none of the studies on the biomarkers has been able to demonstrate enough sensitivity and specificity and thus none are used for diagnostic studies till now. To help contribute in this field, this study was designed to find out the relationship of MIF in OCD. In this case-controlled study, 220 patients clinically diagnosed with OCD and 208 healthy controls from different regions of Bangladesh were enrolled. The serum samples were analyzed by using ELISA kit for the measurement of serum MIF. The serum MIF levels were significantly increased in patients with OCD compared with healthy controls. The findings of this study provide preliminary evidence of a possible association between serum MIF levels and OCD which may support the possible role of immune and inflammatory mechanisms in the pathophysiology of OCD.
Open Access
The role of the gut microbiome in modulating anti-cancer drug response: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and therapeutic strategies
(BRAC University, 2025-12) Shakib, Md. Minhajul Kabir; Zayed, Md. Abu Sufian; Rahman, Md. Mahmudur; Sharmin, Sabrina; School of Pharmacy
This thesis shows and gives us an idea about how the gut microbiome influences the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of anti-cancer treatments. Our intestine holds a large community of bacteria, fungi, viruses that modulate breakdown, metabolism, immunity, and our health. Modern research shows that these microorganisms can directly influence how carcinogenic drugs act in the body with both of their advantages and their side effects, toxic effects and adverse effects. Microbial enzymes can activate or metabolize anti-cancer drugs. Thus, providing stronger treatment, weaker, or more harmful one. Any hindrance in the gut microbiome (dysbiosis) can induce inflammation, weaken the gut wall, and decrease treatment response. This study has talked about some microbial metabolites, like short-chain fatty acids. This one can either support anti-cancer immunity or, in other cases, induce tumor growth that depends on context. Evidence from clinical trials shows that patients with more microbial ecosystems and specific good species led to responses better in both immunotherapy and chemotherapy. But some other patients suffer increased drug toxicity when their gut microbiome is hampered. Finally, the thesis talks about the major challenges in this area. It also drafts future paths. To conclude, the gut microbiome is an important but underused weapon in carcinogenic medicines. It has a strong potential to improve treatment strategies and outcomes.
Open Access
Formulation and in vitro characterization of quercetin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles
(BRAC University, 2026-04) Rafsan, Rubayet; Hassan, Md. Mohiyminul; Mim, Jafrin Akter; Sohan, Md Sabbir Hosen; Sheikh, Zara; School of Pharmacy
Quercetin is a common bioflavonoid with various potent therapeutic effects such as antioxidant anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. However, the use of quercetin is limited owing to its low water solubility, limiting its oral bioavailability and in vivo beneficial functions. To enhance the bioavailability of quercetin, solid lipid nanoparticles of the quercetin were developed using the ultra-speed homogenization technique. Stearic acid has been used in the formulation as a solidlipid matrix and Tween-80 as a surfactant, comprising the aqueous part of the formulation. 16 different types of formulations (labelled as F1-F16) were prepared and optimized by varying the amount of stearic acid, Tween 80 and rotational speeds of the homogenizer. Among the 16 formulations, F5 formulation (composition: 25 mg of quercetin drug, 0.5 gm of stearic acid, 2% of Tween 80) and was found to be the optimum formulation with the highest encapsulation efficiency of 80% and further displaying a sustained release profile following a 2-hour dissolution study. The present study suggests that high-speed homogenization technique is a suitable method to develop solid-lipid nanoparticles of Quercetin with high entrapment efficiency. Further work is required to determine the efficacy of the formulation in terms of particle size, zeta potential, release profile, morphology using scanning electron microscopy, in vitro antioxidant study, antiinflammatory study, and bioequivalence study in animal models.
Open Access
A community-based survey on Scabies: awareness, prevalence and prevention
(BRAC University, 2026-04) Bushra, Razia Sultana; Jahan, Nawshin; Khair, Nishat Zareen; School of Pharmacy
Scabies is a highly contagious parasitic skin infection caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. Hominis, one of the most important neglected tropical diseases, mostly affects populations living in low- and middle-income countries. The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the prevalence, knowledge, hygiene practices, treatment-seeking behaviour, and quality-of-life consequences related to scabies among those affected by the disease. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 75 participants who were reached using both online and offline structured questionnaires. Limits set the inclusion criteria to cases with physician-diagnosed cases. The instrument obtained demographic information, knowledge on scabies, personal hygiene practices, treatment modalities and environmental risk assessment. Data were subjected to a descriptive statistical analysis. The majority of the respondents were female (63%) and aged in the age group between 21 and 30 years (83.6%), with the majority of them residing in urban settings (75.3%) and living in a family unit. Overall, 83.6% of subjects correctly pointed out that scabies is a contagious disease, and 86.3% said they suffer intense itching at night. Nevertheless, 23.3% of respondents did not seek medical care, which emphasizes a deficiency in treatment-seeking behaviour. The peak period of the outbreak of this disease is in the summer (46.4%), thus showing the importance of the environmental factors. Most participants (71.2%) also reported that they were affected by scabies only once, and most were treated by permethrin (5% cream, 61.6%), which was considered affordable and well tolerated. The results show that reducing negative stigma, promoting early diagnosis, ensuring proper treatment and encouraging better hygiene practices are needed for the better effective control of scabies through educational as well as awareness programmes.
Open Access
Hypothyroidism: an overview of the disease and current treatment approach
(BRAC University, 2026-02) Afrin, Sadia; Sheikh, Zara; School of Pharmacy
Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones to meet the body’s needs. As these hormones regulate how the body uses energy (metabolism), their deficiency causes many body functions to slow down. Common causes include Hashimoto’s disease (autoimmune attack), iodine deficiency, or post-treatment effects. Symptoms develop slowly, including fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, constipation, dry skin/hair, hoarse voice, depression, and memory issues. Levothyroxine monotherapy is the standard treatment for hypothyroidism. Nonetheless, numerous unclear inquiries remain about patients who are biochemically stable yet dissatisfied with their therapy results. The present review is to give an overview of hypothyroidism disease, epidemiology of the disease, causes of hypothyroidism, highlighting the key considerations in diagnosis and current treatment of hypothyroidism along with providing future directions for research and improve management of the disease. Future research should investigate whether alternate regimens could offer a solution for a particular group of people with remaining symptoms. Investigation of the efficacy of new formulations (e.g., slow-release liothyronine) or increased administration frequency of levothyroxine-liothyronine combination therapy (e.g., tri-daily liothyronine) in alleviating patient symptoms, alongside the identification of patient subgroups that may benefit from alternatives to levothyroxine monotherapy (e.g., through the identification of additional genetic polymorphisms that could elucidate the individual thyroid set-point) could provide a new dimension to hypothyroidism management.
Open Access
Hyperthyroidism: an overview of the disease and current treatment approach
(BRAC University, 2026-04) Ena, Israt Jahan; Sheikh, Zara; School of Pharmacy
Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormone thyroxine and triiodothyronine, affecting approximately 0.2%–2.5% of the global adult population, with rates generally higher in iodine-sufficient areas and more prevalent in women. Hyperthyroidism prevalence in Bangladesh is generally lower than hypothyroidism, with studies indicating rates of approximately 0.86%-1.04% for overt hyperthyroidism and around 0.65%- 1.73% for subclinical hyperthyroidism. The most common type is Graves’ disease (GD), toxic multinodular goiter and toxic adenoma. Hyperthyroidism impacts many different systems of the body including the integument, musculoskeletal, immune, ophthalmic, reproductive, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems. Management options for hyperthyroidism include anti-thyroid medications, radioactive iodine, and surgery. Anti-thyroid medications are often used temporarily to treat thyrotoxicosis in preparation for more definitive treatment with radioactive iodine or surgery. The present review provides an overview of hyperthyroidism disease, epidemiology of the disease, causes of hyperthyroidism, highlighting the key considerations in diagnosis and current treatment of hyperthyroidism along with providing future directions for research and improved management of the disease.
Open Access
A review on antimicrobial agents in pediatrics in Bangladesh: synthetic methods and antimicrobial resistance challenges
(BRAC University, 2026-02) Akka, Al Fatima; Omer, Humair Bin Md.; School of Pharmacy
Antimicrobial drugs are important in managing pediatric infections in Bangladesh. However, their misuse has contributed significantly to the rising issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This review examines frequently utilized antimicrobial agents in pediatric patients in Bangladesh, focusing on their usage patterns, synthetic methodologies, and challenges related to resistance. Ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, metronidazole, ceftriaxone, and amikacin are some of the most common antibiotics. An analysis of selected articles shows that ciprofloxacin (24.1-27.9%) and metronidazole (24.5-27.8%) are the most often used antibiotics among children aged 24-59 months, followed by azithromycin (19-45%). Alarmingly, significant antibiotic usage was reported in non-bloody diarrhea. Cefixime and other cephalosporins were used in only around 1-2% of cases. Most widely utilized agents are synthetic or semi-synthetic medicines that have been chemically modified to improve efficacy and stability. Following this, the excessive and inappropriate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in pediatric patients has significantly contributed to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Bangladesh.
Open Access
A study of evaluating the efficacy between a new drug (Donanemab) compared to an established treatment (Galantamine) in Alzheimer’s disease
(BRAC University, 2026-03) Yasmin, Farhana; Jamiruddin, Mohd. Raeed; School of Pharmacy
A combination of symptomatic and disease-modifying therapy approaches are necessary for Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurological illness. This thesis examines the safety, pharmacokinetics, and clinical effectiveness of galantamine, a well-known cholinesterase inhibitor, and donanemab, a new anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody, in the treatment of AD. Major biological databases were used to perform a thorough narrative review of long-term randomized studies and Phase I–III clinical trials. Despite manageable safety concerns, such as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, the results show that donanemab significantly reduces amyloid plaque and is linked to a clinically meaningful slowing of cognitive and functional deterioration in early AD. Galantamine, on the other hand, has a proven safety profile, preserves cognition and everyday functioning, and exhibits consistent long-term symptomatic improvements without changing illness. Overall, this study emphasizes how new disease-modifying medications and conventional symptomatic treatments complement one another, underscoring the significance of tailored therapeutic approaches in the changing management of Alzheimer's disease.
Open Access
Evaluation of serum chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 levels among obsessive-compulsive disorder patients in Bangladesh
(BRAC University, 2026-05) Neha, Salvina Chowdhury; Islam, Md. Rabiul; School of Pharmacy
The study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of pro-inflammatory chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4) between obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) patients and healthy individuals. The study was conducted with a total of 376 participants, who were evaluated based on multiple biophysical, sociodemographic and clinical parameters. No variance was detected in all the parameters except BMI. The BMI was found to be statistically significant, but it lacked clinical relevance. Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) score demonstrated consistent and significant severity of OCD in between the two groups. Statistical analysis indicated a reduction in serum CXCL4 levels in the patients with respect to the serum level of the control, the findings were not statistically significant. Any possible involvement of CXCL4 in disease pathology could not be detected, CXCL4 demonstrates poor credibility as a biomarker in diagnosis of OCD. This study having good generalizability and dependability, had few limitations, including the single biomarker design.
Open Access
Evaluation of serum interleukin-5 levels among Bangladeshi obsessive-compulsive disorder patients
(BRAC University, 2026-05) Arthi, Nisat Jahan; Islam, Md. Rabiul; School of Pharmacy
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a prevalent, chronic, neuropsychiatric condition in-creasingly linked to immune-inflammatory mechanisms. This study aimed to measure serum IL-5 levels in Bangladeshi OCD individuals and to examine their association with symptom severity. The study was conducted at Government National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Total number of samples were 428 participants including 220 OCD individu-als and 208 healthy persons. Diagnoses were confirmed using DSM-5 criteria. On the other hand, Y-BOCS evaluated symptom severity. A standardized laboratory procedure was followed to meas-ure serum IL-5 levels. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the groups and assess corre-lation. Serum IL-5 level comparisons demonstrated slightly higher mean IL-5 levels in OCD pa-tients than controls (2.43±1.19 pg/ml vs 2.17±1.12 pg/ml). A substantial difference was found (P=0.020). However, the correlation between serum IL-5 levels and Y-BOCS scores was weakly negative (r =-0.076) and not significant (P=0.262). In addition, substantial variability and overlap were observed between the two groups. In conclusion, although IL-5 levels are somewhat elevated in Bangladeshi OCD patients, no significant association with OCD symptom severity was identi-fied. This research describes that IL-5’s implication is limited as a single biomarker. This limitation highlights the need for further research involving multiple immune biomarkers.
Open Access
Evaluation of serum MIF levels in obsessive compulsive disorder patients: a case-control study
(BRAC University, 2026-04) Humaira, Syeda Tahsin Fahmida; Islam, Md. Rabiul; School of Pharmacy
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder where time consuming and disturbing unwanted obsessions and compulsions are observed. Various research has been done on the biological markers of OCD to determine a relation between these indicators and OCD. But none of the studies on the biomarkers has been able to demonstrate enough sensitivity and specificity and thus none are used for diagnostic studies till now. To help contribute in this field, this study was designed to find out the relationship of MIF in OCD. In this case-controlled study, 220 patients clinically diagnosed with OCD and 208 healthy controls from different regions of Bangladesh were enrolled. The serum samples were analyzed by using ELISA kit for the measurement of serum MIF. The serum MIF levels were significantly increased in patients with OCD compared with healthy controls. The findings of this study provide preliminary evidence of a possible association between serum MIF levels and OCD which may support the possible role of immune and inflammatory mechanisms in the pathophysiology of OCD.
Open Access
Integrated GC-MS profiling and HPLC-employed identification and quantification of bioactive polyphenols from Tacca Integrifolia stem extracts
(BRAC University, 2025-12) Deepita, Orpita; Lamia, Iffat Ara; Anjum, Zarin; Alam, Maliha; Akter, Raushanara; School of Pharmacy
Tacca integrifolia is a medicinal plant with therapeutic importance. However, scientific details are limited regarding the phytochemical constituents of its stem. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the phytochemical profile of Tacca integrifolia stem extracts prepared using water, methanol, ethanol, and n-hexane as solvents of varying polarities for a comparative assessment. These extracts were subjected to analyses by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography in order to identify their volatile, semi-volatile, and non-volatile phytochemical components. The GC-MS analysis showed significant variations in the chemical components depending on the solvent polarity. The n-hexane extract mainly had lipophilic compounds. GC–MS analysis of Tacca integrifolia stem extracts revealed a diverse range of bioactive secondary metabolites, with marked variation depending on solvent polarity. Non-polar n-hexane extracts were predominantly enriched with fatty acid derivatives, hydrocarbons, and terpenoid-type compounds, whereas methanol and ethanol extracts contained a higher proportion of oxygenated compounds, including alcohols, esters, and phenolic derivatives. Aqueous extracts mainly exhibited polar constituents. HPLC profiling further confirmed the presence of several polyphenolic compounds in the methanol and ethanolic extracts. These polyphenols are widely associated with antioxidant and biological activities, highlighting the therapeutic relevance of Tacca integrifolia stem. This research provides a scientific basis for further research on the pharmacological potential of the stem of Tacca integrifolia as a source of phytochemicals with multiple health benefits. Hence, this research can open doors to various ailments with the thorough utilization of its positive outcomes.
Open Access
Comparative evaluation of targeted therapies in HER2-positive breast cancer
(BRAC University, 2026-02) Kabir, Lamia; Jamiruddin, Mohd. Raeed; School of Pharmacy
Approximately 15% to 20% of breast cancer is HER2-positive, and such breast cancer is characterized by rapid development of cancer as well as poor prognosis in case they are not treated. Treatment of this type has been much better with the development of the HER2-targeted therapies. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, dual HER2 and antibody-drug conjugate significantly enhanced the therapy efficacy following trastuzumab, the initial monoclonal antibody directed at HER2, and established a new standard of care. This review evaluates the therapy choices that are best available through a comparison of their mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and safety profiles. PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect were used to search relevant research published between 2001 and 2024. Newer drugs, especially antibody-drug conjugates like trastuzumab deruxtecan are more promising, especially in patients who are more advanced and have received previous therapy. Trastuzumab is the most significant treatment option, and such drugs have different safety profiles, such as Hematologic and pulmonary toxicity in ADCs, gastrointestinal toxicity in TKIs, and cardiotoxicity that allow achieving the best outcome.
Open Access
A literature review: effects of Clonazepam use in pregnancy on the risk of birth malformations
(BRAC University, 2026-01) Sarker, Md Yamin Ullah; Jamiruddin, Mohd. Raeed; School of Pharmacy
Psychotropic drugs such as benzodiazepines are often prescribed to treat anxiety, depression, or seizure disorders, as pregnancy presents distinct physiological and psychological challenges. Clonazepam is one such medication frequently prescribed for its anticonvulsant and anxiolytic properties; however, its safety during pregnancy remains uncertain due to concerns about placental transfer and fetal exposure. Through a systematic literature review, this study aims to evaluate the relationship between Clonazepam use during pregnancy and the risk of congenital malformations. A detailed literature search was conducted using databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and Medline, focusing on studies published between 2000 and 2025. Both clinical and observational studies involving pregnant women exposed to Clonazepam or similar benzodiazepines were included for consideration. Records of dosage, exposure duration, maternal characteristics, and fetal outcomes were extracted and assessed for quality in accordance with PRISMA and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale guidelines. The results showed that using clonazepam alone while pregnant is not strongly linked to major birth defects, which means there is a low risk of teratogenesis. However, sporadic instances of microcephaly and minor neurodevelopmental consequences in polytherapy exposures underscore the necessity for prudent therapeutic application. Although, the overall teratogenic risk remains inconclusive, the available evidence suggests a possible association between Clonazepam exposure and increased risks of low birth weight, preterm birth, and mild congenital anomalies. The study emphasizes the need for cautious clinical use and further large-scale research to clarify the safety of Clonazepam during pregnancy.
Open Access
The efficacy and safety of anticoagulants therapy in cardiovascular disease management in modern medicine
(BRAC University, 2025-05) Ferdous, Jannatul; Sharmin, Sabrina; School of Pharmacy
As cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a major global health concern, ongoing advancements in therapeutic approaches are essential. Anticoagulant therapy is one of these strategies that have become an essential component for managing CVDs, providing significant advantages in terms of lowering thrombotic events and enhancing patient outcomes. This abstract presents a summary of the safety and effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy in the management of modern cardiovascular disease, combining data from guidelines, clinical trials, and recent literature. Cardiovascular care is constantly as shown by the development of anticoagulant agents, which have improved efficacy, safety profiles, and convenience. This research sets out to determine factors influencing therapeutic choice-making, evaluate safety profiles, investigate the effect of anticoagulant agents on clinical practice guide lines, and evaluate the efficacy of different anticoagulant agents through an in-depth review.
Open Access
Nanoparticle based targeted drug delivery in ovarian cancer therapy using chemotherapeutic drugs
(BRAC University, 2025-12) Mahmud, M. Abdullah Al; Suchi, Kh. Anika Tahia; Akhter, Samiah; Sharmin, Sabrina; School of Pharmacy
Ovarian cancer is one of the most fatal gynecologic malignancies owing to delayed diagnosis, systemic toxicity as well as drug resistance associated with conventional chemotherapy. This study investigates the potential of nanoparticle based targeted drug delivery systems to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents namely cisplatin, doxorubicin and paclitaxel. A literature predicted review was conducted using PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar to explore the recent advances in nanoparticle formulations and applications in ovarian carcinoma treatment. Findings reveal that nanoparticles improve drug solubility, stability as well as bioavailability while lowering toxicity and reducing multidrug resistance through targeted drug delivery. Liposomes, polymeric particles and metallic nanoparticles show enhanced drug accumulation at tumor sites via improved permeability and retention effects. In general nanoparticle mediated drug delivery systems exhibit significant promise in increasing treatment effectiveness as well as patient compliance while minimizing adverse drug effects in ovarian cancer therapy.

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