Natural products in telomere protection: Potential in the prevention of ageing and longevity

Abstract

A fundamental biological phenomenon is aging and the hallmarks for this are cellular degradation, unexpected genetics, persistent chronic health condition. An enzyme called telomerase is responsible for creating the particular DNA sequence found at telomeres, or the terminal DNA at the ends of every chromosome. Chromosome ends are shielded from being identified as damaged DNA by telomeres, which are crucial genetic components. During fetal development, telomerase is activated, preventing telomeres from being significantly lost during this time of tremendous cell expansion. In order to support healthy ageing, the main goal of this thesis is to investigate the function of telomere biology in connection to the ageing process as well as the effects of naturally occurring bioactive compounds on the ageing process. Additionally, this thesis seeks to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of telomere shortening and their connections to oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial damage, and defective DNA repair, all of which are crucial factors in the decline of physiological functions with ageing. In a translational manner there is an establishment of connection between the importance of natural object with the telomere bindings property along with the experimental data. It emphasizes the importance of dosage, effectiveness, reliability of translational relevance but points out that clinical trials, which need to be planned carefully, are required to demonstrate their role in extending lives and preventing age-associated diseases.