A narrative review: Expanding therapeutic roles of SGLT2 inhibitors beyond glycemic control

Abstract

Persistent hyperglycemia causes type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which is a metabolic disorder that eventually leads to increased cardiovascular and renal complications. A newer class of antidiabetic medication, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, helps to lower blood sugar by excreting extra glucose in urine, rather than relying on insulin. This narrative review explores how these inhibitors do a lot more than just controlling blood glucose. Studies show SGLT2 inhibitors can slow down chronic kidney disease and lower the risk of heart failure and heart related death-even in people who do not have diabetes. They provide these benefits by easing the physical strain on heart and kidneys. Promoting weight loss and lowering blood pressure. Overall. SGLT2 inhibitors have completely changed how previously we treated diabetic conditions, though further studies required to fully understand their long- term safety and their use in non-diabetic patients.