Internship Report (Masters in Procurement and Supply Management)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10361/17800

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 132

Supply chain management challenges on construction contracts of Public Works Department
(BRAC University, 2022-08) Azam, Abu Hayat Muhammad Shakiul; Islam, Shah Eyamin Ul; BRAC Institute of Governance and Development
This study focuses on supply chain challenges on construction contracts of PWD. Public Works Department is implementing thousands of infrastructure projects of the Government. So, construction contracts and contract management relating to supply chain is the pivotal issue from the initiation to completion of any infrastructure development projects. Every construction project has numerous types of challenges during its construction period. In PWD, officials related to the construction projects faces different types of challenges in supply chain phases. For identifying the challenges, a questionnaire was prepared and a survey was done based on the questionnaire. 25 PWD officials from Assistant Engineer to Executive Engineer responded the questionnaire. From the responses of the respondent, challenges relating to supply chain of construction contracts and contracts management of PWD are analyzed. From respondents supply chain challenges like working on schedule, quality control, cost overruns, Lack of good governance, crisis of fund allocation, stakeholder management strategy, risk management strategy, construction safety issues, global supply chain disruption etc. have been identified and after analyzing the data some recommendations have been proposed to overcome those challenges in construction contracts of PWD.
Cross-functional alignment & activities in relation with SCM dept. (foreign, local- purchase & procurement) at Samuda Chemical Complex Limited
(BRAC University, 2024) Manzur-E-Elahi, Md.; Tanzim Al Bayezid, Syed Abdulla; BRAC Institute of Governance and Development
The report investigates the implementations those are used in maintaining the SCM total works and alignment under the Samuda Chemical management and the benefits come out from the activities that makes Samuda Chemical one of the leading chemical industries in Bangladesh. The focus is on getting the overall idea collection from these activities throughout every sector of SCM dept. and make it count for smooth procurement process running throughout the whole operational activities and counting the improvements. This report sums up the total aspects of how to maintain SCM all sectors in relation with procurement process and other facilities to facilitate the whole process effectively and efficiently. As SCCL in one of the renowned chemical companies in Bangladesh, anyone can take these activities as their benchmark to improve their internal overall activities and make improvements.
A case study on addressing sustainability in DBO contract for reconstruction, expansion and operation of Pagla STP under Dhaka sanitation improvement project, Dhaka WASA
(BRAC University, 2025-04) Miah, Mohammad Salim; Biswas, Samir; BRAC Institute of Governance and Development
Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, faces significant challenges in wastewater management, with existing sewerage facilities covering only 20% of its population. Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (WASA) has undertaken an initiative to bring the core city area into a planned sanitation system- the reconstruction and expansion of Pagla STP is a part of that plan. This practicum report explores the integration of sustainability principles in the Design-Build-Operate (DBO) Contract by assessing the incorporation of environmental, social, and economic sustainability and providing recommendations for improving contract structuring and long-term sustainability in wastewater infrastructure projects. The study also identifies gaps in Pagla STP's existing DBO contract and proposes strategies to enhance efficiency and sustainability throughout the project lifecycle. The methodology adopted in this study includes a qualitative and analytical approach, with data collected through literature reviews, key informant interviews (KIIs), stakeholder consultations, field observations, and focus group discussions (FGDs). Comparative analysis and SWOT assessments were used to benchmark the sustainability performance of the Pagla STP against similar projects globally. Key findings highlight the sustainable design and operational features of the Pagla STP, such as: • Water Quality Improvement: The project aims to treat 200 million liters per day (MLD) of sewage, significantly reducing pollution in the Buriganga River and improving aquatic ecosystems. • Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Reduction: The project incorporates anaerobic digestion to capture methane and generate biogas, which will be used for power generation, thereby reducing environmental impact. • Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Use: The plant will utilize energy-efficient motors, LED lighting, and solar power for 10% of its total lighting load, enhancing energy sustainability. • Sludge Management: Anaerobic digestion will reduce sludge volume by approximately 30%, lowering disposal costs and promoting circular economy principles. • Community Benefits: The installation of modern odor control systems will improve air quality, while the provision of a septage decanting station will extend sanitation services to hard-to-reach areas. • Carbon Footprint Reduction: The project is expected to result in a net emission reduction of -605,466 tCO2-eq, aligning with global climate goals. The study concludes that the DBO contract structure effectively integrates sustainability measures, enhancing environmental protection, social equity, and economic viability. Recommendations include refining contract documents to further incentivize sustainable practices, strengthening stakeholder engagement, and incorporating advanced technologies for enhanced resource recovery. By implementing these measures, the Pagla STP project can serve as a model for future sustainable wastewater infrastructure projects in Bangladesh and beyond.
Risks and challenges of contract management in works procurement: a case study of Dhaka Executive Engineer’s Office, LGED
(BRAC University, 2025-06) Rahman, A.S.M. Rashedur; Rahman, Mir Mehbubur; BRAC Institute of Governance and Development
This study investigates the risks and challenges in contract management for works procurement, centering on a case study of the Dhaka Executive Engineer’s Office within the Local Government Engineering Department (LGED), Bangladesh. Using a high-value bridge project overseen by the Dhaka Executive Engineer's Office as the main example, it seeks to uncover financial, operational, strategic, technological and legal barriers that prevent efficient contract execution in public infrastructure projects. Semi-structured interviews with important LGED personnel and an examination of contract agreements, progress reports, and pertinent legal frameworks, such as the Public Procurement Act 2006 and Public Procurement Rules 2008, were all part of the qualitative technique that was used. Systemic flaws include subpar deliverables of contractors, delayed land acquisition, insufficient supervision, restricted use of digital mediums, and bureaucratic bottlenecks are identified by the study. It also draws attention to particular difficulties such as administrative transfers, the lack of a risk registry, and the difficulties that come with projects that cut across several administrative lines. The findings reveal how unaddressed risks can severely impact the project management Iron Triangle—time, cost, and quality—threatening value-for-money and public confidence. Although LGED is known for its technical expertise, institutional limitations and fragmented coordination still hinder effective contract delivery. The research ends with recommendations for improved contractor assessment systems, independent monitoring mechanisms, clearer operating procedures for variances, digital integration (such as increased e-GP capabilities), and targeted capacity building. Enhancing accountability, effectiveness, and the long-term viability of Bangladesh's public works procurement requires these measures.
Comprehensive bridge asset management in LGED
(BRAC University, 2025-04) Hossain, Farukh; Rahman, Mir Mehbubur; BRAC Institute of Governance and Development
The Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) is committed to enhancing the quality of life in rural Bangladesh by developing and maintaining critical infrastructure. As one of the country’s largest public-sector engineering organizations, LGED oversees an extensive network of approximately 335,000 bridges spanning 1,700,000 meters, ensuring improved access to essential services, markets, and economic opportunities. To optimize financial planning, maintenance, and long-term sustainability, LGED has introduced a Bridge Asset Management System (BAMS). The Bridge Asset Management Plan (BAMP) provides a structured framework for managing LGED’s bridge assets throughout their lifecycle, covering planning, acquisition, operation, maintenance, rehabilitation, and decommissioning. The plan aims to enhance rural-urban connectivity, support economic growth, create employment, and reduce poverty by ensuring a well-maintained and efficient bridge network. Since its inception in the 1960s under the Rural Works Program, LGED has progressively expanded its infrastructure initiatives. By the 1990s, it began systematically managing bridge assets, yet funding limitations led to a growing maintenance backlog. To address this, LGED launched a targeted maintenance program in 2018, with support from the World Bank and the Government of Bangladesh, ensuring strategic rehabilitation and upkeep of bridges based on actual maintenance needs. A data-driven, systematic approach underpins LGED’s bridge asset management strategy. High-quality asset data enables precise monitoring, lifespan assessment, service level development, and targeted maintenance planning. By integrating modern inspection methods and trend analysis, LGED optimizes resource allocation, mitigates risks, and enhances infrastructure resilience. Through BAMS and BAMP, LGED is strengthening Bangladesh’s transportation network, fostering socio-economic development, and aligning national growth objectives with community needs. This initiative ensures that rural and urban populations benefit from a safe, reliable, and sustainable bridge infrastructure, supporting long-term national progress.
Challenges in procurement of smart card based pre-paid meter installation under Mujib Nagar Irrigation development project
(BRAC University, 2024-12) Harun-or-Rashid, Mohammad; Hashemi, Muhammad Khaled Saifullah; BRAC Institute of Governance and Development
Bangladesh is an agricultural depended country of the world. More or less eighty percent professions of the country are related directly or indirectly with agriculture. It is not possible to develop of the country without develop agricultural systems. Like a part of agricultural develops of the country, Mujibnagar irrigation development project has implementing in Kustia, Mehepur & Chuadangha district. Mujibnagar irrigation development project is an important project of Bangladesh agricultural infrastructure development. The main object of the project is increase agricultural production through modernization of irrigation system. Smart card based prepaid electric meter has installed as a main part of the project for proper utilization of underground water and improve water management systems. By the using smart card based electric smart card, irrigation systems has more transparent and well controlled. As a result using such types of card has to plays vital rules to decrease production cost in agricultural product of the project area.
Exploring effective contract management strategies: a case study of selected construction projects of Public Works Department (PWD)
(BRAC University, 2025-12) Das, Himel; Jabber, Md. Wasim; BRAC Institute of Governance and Development
Contract management is one of the most important phases in construction projects and involves numerous tasks occurring before and after contract execution and issuance of Notification of Award (NOA). Furthermore, contract management involves making timely decisions, smooth and efficient flow of information and decisions to enable completion of the project as required by the contract documents, including review, supervision and monitoring of the construction project. PWD is responsible for the construction of infrastructure along with providing service to 24 ministries. It is one of eight executing organs in the Ministry of Housing and Public Works. It is also the Government's biggest construction agency. PWD procure goods, works and services as a large scale. This case study is concerned with PWD officials, addressing the present practice of contract management in works procurement and its knowledge among themselves. The study summarizes that PWD officials have moderate understanding on contract management issues though some field level staffs have little knowledge of it in procurement process. Procurement system follows the all clauses which are mentioned in PPR- 2025 and STDs published by BPPA. Adequate training on contract management plan for all stakeholders including procuring entities, contractors and beneficiaries is very important in order to increase knowledge. Finally, there is scope of further study about the issues in works procurement.
Electronic Government Procurement (e-GP) system in Bangladesh and it’s impact as well as future prospects
(BRAC University, 2023-11) Talukder, Md Kamal Hossain; Ruso, Inthaqab Wahid; BRAC Institute of Governance and Development
The aim of this report is a critical analysis of Electronic Government Procurement (e-GP) system in Bangladesh and it’s impact as well as future prospects. To illustrate the view the whole dissertation is divided subsequently into seven chapter. In first chapter it has been discussed the background of study, where it is mentioned that in the past few decades Bangladesh has made remarkable progress in different areas including economic, social, cultural, infrastructure to name just a few. In this regard, it is said that a sustainable foundation is laid for a developed, prosperous, smart Bangladesh by 2041, when per capita income in Bangladesh will stand 125000 US dollar (Source: perspective Plan-2021-41). The dream of smart Bangladesh will be formulated on four pillars: Smart Citizen, Smart Government, Smart Society and Smart Economy. To reach the four pillars of smart Bangladesh it is significantly important to ensure value for money. It is important to mention that a paperless and cashless transection in every sector need to be profoundly important for a smart Bangladesh. After independence Bangladesh had a GDP of only USS 6.3 billion. Hereinafter, 38 years of independence in FY2008-09 the GDP of Bangladesh became 100 billion. It is really tremendous achievement that since then the GDP of Bangladesh has Quadrupled, which is USS 460.2 billion in present FY2023-24. The development of the country is being implemented through different development projects which are being implemented by different government agencies’. In present fiscal year, FY2023-24, the number of development projects are around 1491 and a vast portion of budget of development projects concern with procurement (Source: ADP:20323-24). In the second chapter illustrates that e-Government procurement (e-GP) as the collaborative use of Information and communications Technology in different aspect of life. Generally it is said that e-GP is a web-based technological activities which cover the total procurement lifecycle and records the all procurement activities of procuring entities. The ultimate purpose of this technological system is to maintain a complete and up-to-date Public Procurement activities of all public sector agencies and with an aim to provide opportunities to all potential tenderers from Bangladesh or any corner of the glove. Third chapter is associated with the procurement reform activities of Bangladesh. Over the last two decades different reform initiative were taken by the government of Bangladesh. Initially as part of reform activities a permanent unit namely Central Procurement Technical Unit (CPTU) was established in 2002 under Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Division in the ministry of Planning. Some of salient feature of e-GP is mentioned in fourth chapter. The vision of the e-GP is to enhance the efficiency, fair competition and transparency in public procurement through the implementation of a comprehensive e-GP solution to be used by all government agencies in the country. Fifth Chapter discussed with the difference between manual and e-GP system tendering. Chapter six is associated with present status and progress of e-GP. e-GP portal was inaugurated on 2 June, 2011 in Bangladesh. From the beginning of e-GP portal inauguration up to August 2023 the number of total registered tenderer in e-GP system is 107569, registered Banks 52, number of agencies 1438, tender invited 7,28,494, contact awarded5,22,649, participants in e-GP training is 31390 (Source: Quarterly Newsletter of CPTU-August-2023). Conclusion and recommendations are mentioned in chapter seven. The aim of this dissertation was to critically analyze the factor on Electronic Government Procurement (e-GP) system in Bangladesh and its impact as well as future prospects. From the analysis, the following pivotal issues are recommended to meet eGP’s future prospects and impacts as well: ➢ In this technologically advancing world e-GP is a significant breakthrough of modern technology. Prior to decade earlier in our country the practice of manual procurement tendering method was questionable from different aspects including: transparency, fair competition, accountability. Nowadays the practice of e-GP has the potential to ensure transparency, accountability and fair completion. In this regard, it is recommended to government of Bangladesh to take necessary steps to connect all the government agencies with e-GP. ➢ The supply of electricity across the country is not in stable position until now. Some parts of the country the supply of electricity is still poor. The frequent disruption of electricity in some remote parts hampers online works. So, necessary steps need to take for stable electricity supply to ensure e-GP in all government agencies across the country. ➢ High speed internet is a pre-requisite element of e-GP. Although, any individual can avail internet facilities from any corner of the country; but high-speed internet is yet to available across the country. So, it is urgently important to ensure high speed internet all over the country.
Plastic weight (grams) reduction from 250 ml PET bottle, sustainable PET bottle manufacturing context of Transcom Beverages Limited (Pepsi), Bangladesh
(BRAC University, 2020-09) Bhattacharjee, Shuvodip; Nandy, Suvransu Sarkar; BRAC Institute of Governance and Development
This reports to examine and to extend the literature, by obtaining a deeper understanding of the link between sustainability practice and organizational commitment for manufacturing and to its stakeholders. This report analysis the plastic reduction from the 250 ml PET bottle and link up with organization way forward towards sustainability. More specifically linked up how sustainability improve organization performance in terms of improve economic condition and create positive impact on society and environment. This also include the growing sustainable culture in Beverages Industries in Bangladesh and industries adeptness with this. In this study, the quantitative findings confirmed that levels of sustainability practice are the major driver behind improving organizational performance in the selected sample. In my paper, I intend to bridge the gap between sustainability and organization. In a competitive world any organization should follow and adopt sustainability to confirms it long-life sustainability.
Sustainable procurement in the transportation sector of Bangladesh : case study on the Bangladesh Bridge Authority
(BRAC University, 2025-10) Ali, Md. Washim; Chowdhury, Mohammed Shohelur Rahman; BRAC Institute of Governance and Development
This report examines sustainable procurement practices in Bangladesh’s transportation sector, focusing on the Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA). It combines stakeholder interviews, document analysis, and surveys to reveal that although awareness of sustainability and SDGs is high, actual implementation remains inconsistent. Social and ethical issues such as fair wages and gender equality are recognized but weakly enforced, while environmental efforts are mostly compliance-based. Economic factors like life-cycle costing are rarely applied. Key barriers include limited training, budget constraints, lack of clear guidelines, and weak monitoring. However, donor-funded projects have started integrating sustainability clauses, signaling positive change. The report recommends adopting a formal sustainable procurement policy aligned with the National SPP Policy 2023, strengthening institutional capacity, integrating sustainability into evaluations, and promoting SMEs and women-led businesses. Overall, BBA is in the early stages of sustainable procurement but holds strong potential to support Bangladesh’s Vision 2041, Delta Plan 2100, and SDGs. Key challenges identified include insufficient training, insufficient budget allocations, lack of clear sustainability guidelines, limited supplier capacity, and weak monitoring mechanisms. Instead of these barriers, donor-funded projects have introduced sustainability clauses, creating momentum for change.
Bridging the gap: addressing challenges in public infrastructure development project proposals
(BRAC University, 2025-08) Talukder, Md. Yeasin Ali; Chowdhury, Mohammed Shoheler Rahman; BRAC Institute of Governance and Development
Public infrastructure development is a critical driver of economic growth, connectivity and social welfare in Bangladesh. However, the preparation of infrastructure project proposals often faces significant challenges, resulting in delays, cost overruns and inefficiencies. This study examines these challenges through four key case studies from the Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA): (i) Feasibility study for Construction of Bridges over the river Meghna on Shariatpur-Chandpur Road & Gazaria-Munshigonj road and preparation of Master Plan for Bangladesh Bridge Authority, (ii) Bridge on Matlab Uttar–Gazaria Road over the Meghna–Dhonagoda River, (iii) Widening of Road and Construction of Elevated Road from Panchabati to Mukterpur Bridge Project and (iv) Dhaka–Ashulia Elevated Expressway. Using a qualitative case study approach, secondary data from BBA reports and relevant literature were analyzed to identify and categorize challenges into five major areas: financial, technical, administrative, stakeholder-related and external factors. The findings reveal that financial challenges are among the most critical with average cost escalations due to inaccurate cost estimations, inflation and funding delays. Mega projects like the Dhaka–Ashulia Elevated Expressway Project were particularly affected due to complex G2G financing negotiations. Technical challenges included incomplete feasibility studies, lack of accurate geotechnical and traffic data and limited in-house expertise, forcing reliance on external consultants and leading to frequent design revisions. Administrative and bureaucratic challenges were evident in approval processes that took longer than planned due to overlapping responsibilities and inefficient workflows. Stakeholder-related challenges, such as poor community engagement and conflicts among government agencies, led to land acquisition disputes and resistance from local populations, especially in the Matlab Bridge and Panchabati–Mukterpur projects. External challenges including political transitions, natural disasters and currency fluctuations added further uncertainty to the proposal preparation process. The study highlights that financial and administrative issues dominate mega projects, while technical and stakeholder-related problems are more prevalent in regional and urban projects. These challenges are deeply interconnected, for example, incomplete feasibility studies lead to inaccurate budgeting, which in turn delays funding approvals and implementation. To address these systemic issues, the study proposes integrated solutions such as dynamic cost modeling, milestone-based financing, strengthening technical expertise, adopting advanced technologies like GIS and BIM, implementing digital approval systems, structured community consultation frameworks and proactive risk management strategies. The research concludes that improving proposal preparation is vital to ensure the success of public infrastructure projects. Without reforms, projects will continue to suffer from inefficiencies, resulting in wasted resources and public dissatisfaction. Key recommendations include establishing a centralized proposal management system, introducing time-bound approval policies, increasing transparency through public portals and building institutional capacity through training and technology adoption. Implementing these measures could reduce proposal preparation delays by up to 40%, optimize public spending and significantly improve infrastructure reliability and sustainability. Ultimately, this study provides a roadmap for BBA and other government agencies to enhance efficiency, accountability and public trust, ensuring that future infrastructure projects contribute meaningfully to Bangladesh’s long-term development goals.
Role of e-GP in building Smart Bangladesh
(BRAC University, 2023-07) Hoque, Mohammad Asadul; Khan, Masud Akhter; BRAC Institute of Governance and Development
E-Government Procurement (e-GP) has emerged as a game-changer in Bangladesh, revolutionizing public procurement practices and contributing to the vision of building a Smart Bangladesh. This report delves into the role of e-GP in enhancing transparency, efficiency, digital transformation, empowering SMEs, and promoting sustainability. It examines the evolution of e-GP in Bangladesh, its key features, and its integration with the Smart Bangladesh initiative. The report evaluates the impact of e-GP implementation through case studies and success stories, highlighting significant improvements in procurement outcomes, cost savings, and increased competition. Additionally, it identifies challenges such as technical issues, capacity building needs, legal frameworks, and cybersecurity concerns. Finally, the report proposes recommendations for strengthening e-GP infrastructure, enhancing stakeholder collaboration, and fostering innovation to unlock its full potential in driving sustainable procurement and economic development.
A comparative analysis between STD (Goods) of PPR 2008 and SPD (Goods) of WB procurement guideline and lessons from WB procurement guideline
(BRAC University, 2024-01) Islam, Mohammad Ariful; Khan, Masud Akhter; BRAC Institute of Governance and Development
Bangladesh is a country that has already graduated as a developing country. The Country requires robust and sustained economic growth to maintain that economic position. To this end, to bring discipline to the Public Procurement of Bangladesh, Public Procurement Regulation 2003 has been promulgated. Later on PPA- 2006 and PPR-2008 have been promulgated and the Public Procurement Regulation was abolished. The public procurement of Bangladesh has been regulated by PG-2006, PPR-08, STDs, and SRFPs. The provisions of these instruments keep changing based on reality. All the procuring entities in the public sector come under the same umbrella of those above-mentioned acts and rules. These acts and rules are very comprehensive and cover almost every aspect of national and international procurement for all nature of procurement. In Public Procurement PPR will not be applied fully when development partners are involved and their guidelines will prevail. This can be said that the maximum guidance in the two guidelines is almost the same and there are some minor differences in some specific cases. There are some differences between PPR and the World Bank Procurement guideline. The Standard Tender Document of the Bangladesh government is Prepared by following PPR and the Standard Procurement Document of WB is Prepared by following WB Procurement Guideline. Both two Regulations are Regularly updated by the relevant authority. After analysis of both tender documents of PPR and WB, this can be suggested that some issues can be included in PPR from WB guidelines for betterment of Public Procurement like Stans Still Period before NOA, Negotiation and BAFO for goods procurement, Cost of Ownership, Procurement Related Complain, abnormally low bid and proposal, Guideline for Value for money.
Post procurement review to assess the extent of value for money following Public Procurement Act-2006, Public Procurement Rules-2008 in the public procurement process: a case studies of some selected procurement contracts of Local Government Engineering Department (LGED)
(BRAC University, 2025-09) Islam, Md. Fakhrul; Biswas, Samir; BRAC Institute of Governance and Development
This study evaluates the extent of Value for Money (VfM) achieved in procurement practices of the Local Government Engineering Department (LGED), focusing on compliance with the Public Procurement Act (PPA) 2006 and the Public Procurement Rules (PPR) 2008. Post Procurement Review (PPR) serves as a critical mechanism for ensuring accountability, transparency, efficiency, and effectiveness in the use of public resources in Bangladesh. The study examined seven procurement contracts drawn from three major LGED projects: Construction of Important Bridges on Rural Roads (Phase II), Resilient Infrastructure for Adaptation and Vulnerability Reduction (RIVER), and Greater Dhaka Rural Infrastructure Improvement Project-3 (GDP-3). These contracts, covering goods, works, services, and consultancy, were implemented through a variety of methods including RFQ, OTM, LTM, OSTETM, DPM, and ICS. The findings highlight a mixed picture of performance. Routine and low-value contracts demonstrated strong compliance with PPR-2008, timely completion, and in several cases, measurable cost savings, reflecting efficiency and effective contract management. In contrast, high-value and technically complex works contracts were marked by delays in evaluation and implementation, weak competition, cost overruns, and inadequate enforcement of contractual provisions such as Liquidated Damages. Furthermore, incomplete documentation and insufficient justification for non-competitive procurement methods weakened overall transparency and accountability. The study concludes that LGED has developed considerable strength in managing routine procurement activities but faces systemic weaknesses in handling high-value and complex contracts. Addressing these challenges requires stricter enforcement of compliance mechanisms, better cost estimation, stronger market engagement to enhance competition, and greater reliance on digital platforms such as e-GP to improve efficiency and transparency. Capacity building of procurement officials and more robust monitoring systems are also essential to reduce irregularities and delays. Overall, the study underscores that effective application of PPA-2006 and PPR-2008, supported by institutional reforms and improved procurement governance, is crucial for ensuring that LGED’s procurement activities consistently deliver Value for Money and contribute to sustainable development outcomes in Bangladesh.
Sustainable supply chain practice at Walton Hi-Tech Industries PLC
(BRAC University, 2025-08) Islam, Md. Shafiqul; Biswas, Samir; BRAC Institute of Governance and Development
Walton Hi-Tech Industries PLC. is a leading Bangladeshi conglomerate renowned for its manufacturing capabilities in the electronics sector, producing refrigerators, freezers, air conditioners, mobile phones and a variety of home appliances. Founded in 1977 and operating as a public company since 2018, Walton has developed one of South Asia’s most advanced manufacturing facilities located in Chandra, Gazipur, Bangladesh. As it continues to meet the growing demand for electronic goods, Walton also aims to integrate sustainable practices throughout its supply chain processes. The report focuses on Walton’s sustainable supply chain practices, analyzing the company's approach to reducing environmental impact, fostering social responsibility and maintaining economic efficiency. Through a combination of hands-on industry experience and research, the report evaluates Walton’s sustainability efforts, particularly in procurement and supply chain management. It also provides recommendations for improvements based on global best practices. The key objectives of this practicum are to assess Walton’s sustainability performance, identify challenges in integrating sustainable practices and offer strategies to enhance its supply chain sustainability. The research incorporates both qualitative and quantitative methods, including interviews with stakeholders and analysis of secondary data from industry reports and Walton’s sustainability documents. The findings indicate that Walton has made considerable progress in energy efficiency, waste management and the adoption of renewable energy sources. However, challenges persist, especially in achieving full lifecycle sustainability and supplier engagement. Additionally, Walton's sustainability practices show room for growth in terms of packaging waste reduction and strengthening supplier sustainability standards. The report concludes with recommendations aimed at enhancing Walton’s sustainable supply chain, emphasizing the importance of adopting global best practices, increasing supplier collaboration and expanding the use of eco-friendly materials. By addressing these areas, Walton can strengthen its sustainability initiatives and further differentiate itself in the competitive global market.
Sustainable procurement in RMG sector: a focus on Aman Knittings Ltd., Bangladesh
(BRAC University, 2025-05) Jakaria, A. T. M.; Islam, Mohammad Sirajul; BRAC Institute of Governance and Development
This practicum report, titled “Sustainable Procurement in the RMG Sector: A Focus on Aman Knittings Ltd., Bangladesh,” was conducted from January to May 2025 as part of the requirements of the MPSM program. The report explores how sustainable procurement practices are integrated within the Ready-Made Garment (RMG) industry in Bangladesh, using Aman Knittings Ltd.—a prominent knitwear manufacturer and sister concern of Unifill Group. The topic was chosen in light of increasing global attention toward environmentally and socially responsible sourcing, especially in labor-intensive industries such as garments. The practicum relied on primary data collected through interviews with 20 mid- and top-level professionals from various departments such as merchandising, supply chain, quality, and compliance, as well as insights gained through the author’s professional experience at Aman Knittings Ltd. Chapter 1 provides the context and objectives of the practicum, discussing the rising importance of sustainable procurement in response to global standards like the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and ISO 20400. The chapter outlines the objectives of identifying key imperatives for sustainable manufacturing and evaluating the contribution of supply chain management in achieving sustainability. Aman Knittings Ltd. has shown proactive efforts in sustainable sourcing by only procuring Better Cotton Initiative (BCI) certified yarn, and increasingly sourcing organic and recycled materials in response to global customer demands. The company maintains a strict compliance framework to select suppliers and has made sustainability a core aspect of its procurement strategy. Chapter 2 elaborates on the supply chain management structure of Aman Knittings Ltd., emphasizing its supplier evaluation system and procurement practices. Suppliers are categorized based on performance into Platinum, Diamond, Gold, Silver, and Bronze tiers. Strategic suppliers are chosen based on evaluations related to price, delivery, quality, and customer service. The company follows a disciplined approach regarding lead time, payment terms, negotiation, documentation, and delivery processes. Aman ensures ethical procurement through strict codes of conduct that prohibit bribery, enforce labor rights, and demand product traceability. A comprehensive evaluation system ensures continuous monitoring and elimination of non-compliant suppliers. Chapter 3 presents the main findings and observations from the practicum. It identifies that sustainable procurement is no longer optional but a business imperative driven by customer expectations and environmental concerns. The chapter highlights that Aman Knittings Ltd. is working towards sourcing 50% of its materials from sustainable sources by FY30, including organic cotton, recycled fibers, and BCI-certified cotton. Data shows a significant shift in procurement patterns, with BCI cotton accounting for over 92% of procurement in early 2024. However, a major challenge was identified regarding delays in receiving Transaction Certificates (TCs) from suppliers for organic cotton. These certificates are critical for verifying compliance with organic standards and are often delayed due to poor documentation, internal inefficiencies, or misleading assurances from suppliers. In response, Aman Knittings has implemented a detailed Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) to address the issue, including checkpoints from sampling to final delivery, and rigorous verification by the sourcing and technical departments. This has helped improve accountability and traceability in the supply chain. In summary, this practicum demonstrates that while Aman Knittings Ltd. has made commendable progress in integrating sustainability into its procurement and supply chain management, there are still challenges—particularly in documentation and supplier awareness—that need to be addressed. The findings reinforce the critical role of structured procurement practices, supplier collaboration, and effective documentation systems in achieving long-term sustainability goals in the RMG sector.
Building a green future in textile industry in Bangladesh: a focus on sustainable supply chain strategies at Square Textile Division
(BRAC University, 2025-05) Rayhan, Md. Nazim Uddin; Islam, Mohammad Sirajul; BRAC Institute of Governance and Development
Textile and ready-made garment (RMG) are a critical part of the economy of Bangladesh that provides more than 80 percent of the earnings as exports and provides millions of workers. Concurrently, this industry is among the most resource-intensive and ecologically demanding industries around the globe, with almost 10 percent of the global carbon emissions and 90 billion cubic meters of water a year. Bangladesh, as the second-largest exporter of RMG, faces mounting pressure from international buyers and regulatory bodies to adopt sustainable supply chain practices that align with global climate goals, particularly the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This practicum report titled “Building a Green Future in Textile Industry in Bangladesh: A Focus on Sustainable Supply Chain Strategies at Square Textile Division” explores how one of the leading textile firms in the country—Square Textile Division—has integrated sustainability into its procurement and supply chain operations. This practicum work was done at Square Textile Division over a period of four months (February 2025 -May 2025) by relying on document review, involvement with supplier’s audit, analysis of ERP data, and live observation of the day-to-day procurement operations. The results indicate that Square Textile has incorporated sustainability in its operational strategy. Over 90 percent of its sourcing of yarn and fabric is based on internationally recognized standards like Better Cotton Initiative (BCI), Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS), Organic Content Standard (OCS), Recycled Claim Standard (RCS) and Global Recycled Standard (GRS). Moreover, Square uses high-tech digital traceability systems to track material origin and adherence to sustainability standards in real-time (SAP ERP, Trus Trace, and Textile Genesis). Not only do these steps increase transparency, but they also assist Square in acquiring long-term agreements with international brands that have been paying an ever-increasing attention to the performance of environmental and social governance (ESG). In addition to certified procurement, Square has gone an extra mile to incorporate circular economy concepts in its operations. Reusing fabric scraps, recycling yarn, limiting water and chemical in dyeing, investing in regenerative farming methods have decreased waste and resource reliance. Moreover, Square has introduced employee-based sustainability initiatives, such as a program called Sustainability Champions, which supports behavioral change within departments and guarantees that green practices continually enhance. While carrying out the practicum work, several challenges have been revealed. A shift to sustainable operations will involve a huge initial capital expenditure on technology, infrastructure, and renewable energy systems. The problem of supplier compliance is also not new since most local suppliers do not have the resources or comply with sustainability certification. There is also knowledge deficiency at the factory-floor level, where technical personnel are often ill-informed of why and how sustainability initiatives ought to be taken. Lastly, integrity of data across ERP systems and traceability systems is a challenge to auditing and reporting. To address these impediments, Square has implemented a staged investment approach with initial emphasis on cost-cutting and compliance-oriented infrastructure projects including LED lighting, energy-efficient equipment and waste reduction, and incremental investment in water recycling facilities and renewable energy. Supplier training and audits are also being invested by the company to solidify its upstream network, and compliance visibility and coverage are increased through ERP-based monitoring and scorecards. To deal with the knowledge gaps among the employees, workshops, outside training sessions, and internal communication campaigns are being implemented continuously. Concluding this practicum, it is found that sustainable supply chain strategies are not an option, but have become a strategic requirement to the long-term competitiveness of the textile industry in Bangladesh. Square Textile Division has shown that sustainability can at the same time minimize the cost of operation, enhance brand image, and maintain adherence to the worldwide buyer expectations. Its experience offers great learning to the RMG sector at large in Bangladesh, where sustainability adoption has remained unequal. The report recommends scaling up digital traceability, strengthening supplier development programs, promoting circular economy practices, and fostering industry–government collaboration to accelerate the green transition in Bangladesh’s textile sector. By doing so, not only will firms like Square Textile Division remain competitive in global markets, but Bangladesh will also reinforce its position as a responsible and sustainable sourcing destination for the future.
Exploring the role of green accessories procurement in enhancing sustainability within Square Textile Division
(BRAC University, 2025-08-16) Tazwar, Ahnaf; Islam, Mohammad Sirajul; BRAC Institute of Governance and Development
This report examines the role of green accessories procurement in strengthening sustainability within Square Textile Division, one of Bangladesh’s leading textile manufacturers. Against the backdrop of rising environmental concerns and pressure from international buyers to adopt eco-friendly practices, Square Textile has increasingly focused on integrating green sustainable procurement (GSP) into its operations. The study emphasizes how sourcing eco-based accessories—such as zippers, buttons, labels, and packaging—can reduce environmental impact, enhance competitiveness, and align with global sustainability standards. Chapter one introduces the background and rationale for the study. It highlights that the textile industry is a major contributor to global pollution, and Bangladesh, as the world’s second-largest garment exporter, must meet stringent international sustainability standards to maintain competitiveness. Square Textile has recognized that even small components like accessories significantly contribute to a garment’s environmental footprint. The chapter also outlines the report’s scope: assessing current procurement practices, supplier readiness, challenges, and strategies for adopting green procurement, supported by case studies and practical insights. Chapter two provides an overview of Square Textile’s procurement practices alongside a literature review of global industry standards. The division has transitioned from cost-driven sourcing to a model prioritizing eco-friendly accessories, working closely with suppliers who comply with certifications such as OEKO-TEX and GOTS. While some local suppliers face challenges in meeting these standards, international partners are more advanced in sustainable production. Square Textile has adopted tools like the Green Scorecard, which evaluates suppliers based on energy use, waste management, and raw material sustainability. Literature also emphasizes principles of green procurement—such as circular economy practices, reduced resource consumption, and fair trade—which Square Textile is actively incorporating. Details of the practicum methodology and analytical framework are outlined in Chapter three. A combination of primary data (interviews, supplier audits, case studies) and secondary data (sustainability reports, industry studies, NGO reports) was used. Chapter four present the practicum findings in detail. The supplier assessment revealed varied levels of readiness: while international suppliers offered eco-based accessories like recycled zippers and biodegradable buttons, local suppliers lagged due to cost and knowledge barriers. Pilot projects demonstrated that eco-friendly packaging and recycled materials could match traditional options in durability while offering long-term savings. However, challenges persist in balancing cost, quality, and sustainability. Internal stakeholders expressed strong support, viewing sustainability as a market differentiator and a pathway to securing long-term international partnerships. Key barriers include limited supplier availability, higher costs of eco-friendly accessories, lack of supplier awareness, and quality trade-offs. Additionally, evolving global compliance standards require continuous adaptation. To overcome these, the report recommends a Supplier Development Program, focusing on training, material sourcing support, and technology transfer. Cost-effective strategies such as bulk purchasing, long-term supplier contracts, and investment in R&D are suggested to offset higher costs. Formalizing green procurement policies and fostering internal and supplier training are also emphasized to embed sustainability in organizational culture. The report concludes by affirming that green accessories procurement is not merely an operational strategy but a strategic shift aligning Square Textile with global environmental goals. By prioritizing eco-quality over quantity, engaging suppliers, and embracing innovation, the company strengthens its position as a leader in sustainable textile manufacturing in Bangladesh. While challenges such as cost and supplier limitations remain, Square Textile’s proactive measures position it to set an industry benchmark, contributing positively to both environmental conservation and business competitiveness.
Measuring and minimizing procurement risk at FAO Bangladesh
(BRAC University, 2025-07) Islam, Aminul; Chowdhury, Mahbub Ahmed; BRAC Institute of Governance and Development
This report is prepared based on my personal experience working within the Procurement team at FAO Bangladesh. In some of its recent FAOs tender I have observed that FAO always ended up limited pool of repetitive vendors who participated through the open UNGM platform even though conducting Expressions of Interest (EOI).This clearly indicates that the FAO is facing a challenge with its inadequate vendor base. The report also identifies problems with developing criteria for the assessment of the suppliers. In several cases, none of the bidders met the minimum requirements, which indicates that the evaluation criterion was not prepared considering the actual capacity of the supply market. It also indicates a gap in technical expertise among the staff who prepared criteria, as well as a lack of alignment between procurement expectations and the actual capacity of the suppliers. To tackle these challenges, the FAO must widen and expand its current vendor base. FAO can meet its goal by working with other UN agencies and using EOI to reach as many people as possible. To carry this out, the FAO should do consistent market analysis, have informational meetings with potential vendors, and solicit opinions from vendors who weren't successful in the end. That way, the FAO can effectively communicate and engage with more vendors and supply market and make its bidding process much more transparent, open, and competitive. Additionally, hiring technical specialists and conducting regular training for the staff will ensure that technical documentation and evaluation frameworks are prepared in realistic way considering the capacity of the supply market. By implementing the recommendations stated in the report, FAO can bring efficiency, achieve supplier diversity, and minimize its procurement risk.
Consulting service contract management in public sector procurement: best practice and challenges
(BRAC University, 2025-10) Rahman, Mohammad Shamsur; Chowdhury, Mohammed Shoheler Rahman; BRAC Institute of Governance and Development
Consulting services show a central role in decorative efficiency, transparency and value of money in the public sector procurement. Government agencies in Bangladesh are more and more depending on consultants in terms of technical skills, policy guidance, feasibility analysis, and project management, especially in projects funded by donors. Although the high legal and regulatory framework offered by Public Procurement Act PPA, 2006 and Public Procurement Rules-PPR, 2025 has addressed issues in the management of consulting contracts, issues in project outcomes, schedules, and responsibility remain persistent. This paper is entitled Consulting Service Contract Management in Public Sector Procurement: Best Practice and Challenges and focuses on planning, procurement, and management of the consulting contracts in Bangladesh. It determines the institutional gaps, examines the best practices, and indicates the opportunities to achieve better transparency, efficiency, and performance in consulting procurement. The research, which is founded on qualitative research using secondary sources, such as official documents, policy frameworks, reports of the Bangladesh Public Procurement Authority (BPPA), Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Division (IMED), international donor organizations, and academic literature, is used to analyze thematic trends, challenges, and improvement opportunities. The results show that the procurement laws in Bangladesh are generally in line with the international standards, but the level of implementation is poor. Consulting services use is on the increase at an impressive rate and most of the procuring entities have institutional and human resource limitations. Authorities usually do not have the specific training on the preparation of TOR, reviewing of technical offers and contract administration. Constant change of staff also undermines institutional knowledge and experience.

Browse

Recent Submissions