Study of antibacterial activities of the extracts of Neem, Pomegranate, and Tulsi and essential oils against Salmonella Typhi

Abstract

The microorganism occupied for this research wasSalmonella,itisa gram-negative, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic bacteriumthat belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Recently it has been observed that an increasing number of bacteria are building resistance to synthetic antibiotics which hampers controlling infective health conditions. It’s familiar to everyone that most antibiotics no longer function; infections are getting worst or impossible to manage. It is time to discover a substitute for antibiotics from organic sources Medicinal plants are considered as the abundant bioresource of drugs for conventional medicines, food supplements, and chemical essence for artificial drugs. Nowadays, researchers are progressively focusing their consideration in investigating herbal products due to the higher resistance of microorganisms against the presently used antibiotics and pharmaceutical companies are seeking options for the costly production of synthetic drugs. Medicinal plants can be the method to alternate this condition as most of them are secure with minor side effects. In the present work, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Neem (Azadirachta indica), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), and Pomegranate (Punica granatum) were impinged to microbial sensitive test using disk diffusion method The greatest and notable antibacterial activity (zone of inhibition) was noticed with ethanolic extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica) extract against Salmonella (12mm) which is the most effective. No antimicrobial action was found with aqueous extracts of all the three medicinal plants against the chosen bacteria. However, three conventional antibiotics were employed as a positive control against the chosen bacteria which had demonstrated antimicrobial action. Four oils (thyme oil,rosemary oil,orange oil and clove oil) were chosen for this study to consider the impact of different concentrations on hindrance of Salmonella.Thyme,Orange,Clove and Rosemary oil have been utilized to alleviate stomach torment for centuries. It makes a difference to calm the nerves and help in assimilation in case you eat something that doesn’t concur with you. Put one or two drops of the oils in a refreshment to utilize it for stomach torment purposes Past reports of in vitro study appears that thyme, orange, rosemary, and clove oils were a bit successful against Salmonella.. Nowadays, researchers are progressively turning their focus in investigating herbal products to combat the increasing occurrences of microbial drug resistance. This study of antibacterial activity against chosen pathogen was done by the Disk diffusion method and Agar well diffusion method. In most cases, the inhibition of bacterial growth after one day of incubation demonstrated better results. Thyme oil showed the best inhibition against the bacteria chosen for this research whereas Rosemary oil also showed maximum and orange oil showed minimum inhibition against S.typhi