A comprehensive review on investigations of chronic neurological impact of SARS-COV-2 on human biological samples and on animal model (In vitro or In vivo)

Abstract

Introduction: This study investigates COVID-19's neurological impacts using biological materials, recognizing a gap in understanding long-term brain effects amidst extensive respiratory research. Method: Screening 4132 papers yielded 89 relevant studies, including cohort (41), case (16), investigational (26), and animal model (6) experiments, encompassing 455,129 cohort participants, 500 investigators, and 77 case patients. Results: Post-SARS-CoV-2 neurological difficulties include seizures, sleep disorders, and post-COVID-19 syndrome. Neuroinflammation and neuronal cell dysregulation may contribute. Secondary autoimmunity, CSF abnormalities, and autoantibodies suggest immune-mediated neuroimmunological diseases. COVID-19 severity can differ in MS patients. Recovering cognitively may have long-term immune system effects. Animal models of neutralizing antibodies, medicines that interact with viral proteins, and melatonin and cannabinoids that may reduce viral entrance and inflammation offer therapeutic insights. Conclusion: This research underscores COVID-19's neurological manifestations, proposing potential treatments and emphasizing ongoing research's critical role in shaping clinical management and public health guidelines.