A comprehensive review on the use of nanoparticles in alzheimer’s disease: a promising therapeutic approach

Abstract

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Currently, there is no definitive cure for this condition. Traditional treatment approaches face challenges, such as limited drug bioavailability and the difficulty of drugs crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a promising solution, offering a targeted and efficient drug delivery system. These nanoscale carriers can enhance the bioavailability of therapeutic agents and enable controlled release of active substances while bypassing the BBB. This paper reviews the therapeutic applications of nanoparticles in AD, emphasizing their potential to deliver antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and amyloid-targeting drugs directly to affected brain regions. It discusses various types of nanoparticle-based formulations, including liposomes, polymeric NPs, and metallic NPs, highlighting their multifunctional roles in diagnostic imaging and the early detection of AD biomarkers. Furthermore, the paper addresses concerns regarding potential cytotoxicity, long-term biocompatibility, and regulatory challenges. This comprehensive review underscores the transformative potential of nanoparticles in managing AD, paving the way for innovative and personalized medical interventions.