A review on regulation of autophagy by microRNA in human breast cancer

Abstract

A conserved catabolic process called autophagy involves the recycling of cytosolic organelles or components via a lysosome-dependent pathway. A number of disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cancer, are linked to abnormalities in autophagy. According to the current theory, autophagy appears to act as a tumor suppressor during the early stages of the development of cancer, but as the disease progresses, autophagy may promote and/or assist the growth and spread of the tumor as well as make it more resistant to treatment. Autophagy is therefore regarded as a stagedependent dual player in cancer. Endogenous non-coding short RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs) control posttranscriptional gene expression in a negative manner.Additionally, mounting evidence from the literature suggests that dysregulation of miRNA expression affects how cancer forms, invades, metastasizes, and responds to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. As a result, research on autophagy-regulating miRNA in cancer will aid in the creation of new disease indicators and therapeutic approaches as well as a better understanding of malignancies given the significance of autophagy for cancer biology. Several of these cancer-related miRNAs may be studied since they have a role in controlling autophagy. We will concentrate on autophagy, miRNA, risk factors, cancer diagnosis, and cancer treatment in this review.