A review on classes of anti diabetic drugs and synthetic methods to access them: classical and modern approaches

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem that threatens and hurts a lot of people every year. Most people with diabetes have type 2 diabetes, and diabetic care relies heavily on oral anti-diabetic medication. Oral anti-diabetic drugs include sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, meglitinides, sodium glucose co-transporter (SGLT2), a-glucosidase inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-(IV) inhibitors, and biguanides. Due to the increasing prevalence of type-2 diabetes, researchers have been trying to develop safer and more environmentally friendly methods of producing anti-diabetic medications. This is to avoid a possible public health crisis. This review looks at the different ways that anti-diabetic drugs in the above classes are synthesized. The purpose of the review article is expected to help synthetic and medicinal chemists who are entering the field of diabetic treatments to provide state of the art knowledge in make DM drugs and its synthetic procedures in the literature.