The comprehensive review of antiretroviral therapy: a paradigm shift

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has reached pandemic proportions since the first instances of AIDS surfaced in 1981. By far, more than 30 antiretroviral therapies (ART) have been approved while combination therapy has made HIV-1 infection a chronic but manageable disease. After 40 years of research, antiretroviral therapy has become an affordable, accessible and safer choice. Unfortunately, a decent number of countries still fall behind in achieving the 90-90-90 UNAIDS goals to deal with HIV. In this comprehensive review, we tried to deliver a complete status of HIV and ART all over the world. We also have discussed the root causes of many countries lagging behind the target and accomplishments of others. As well as, the reasonable solutions that may open a new gateway to deciphering this multilateral issue to accomplish the 95-95-95 UNAIDS goals for a better planet with good health.