Integrated GC-MS profiling and HPLC-employed identification and quantification of bioactive polyphenols from Tacca Integrifolia stem extracts

Abstract

Tacca integrifolia is a medicinal plant with therapeutic importance. However, scientific details are limited regarding the phytochemical constituents of its stem. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the phytochemical profile of Tacca integrifolia stem extracts prepared using water, methanol, ethanol, and n-hexane as solvents of varying polarities for a comparative assessment. These extracts were subjected to analyses by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography in order to identify their volatile, semi-volatile, and non-volatile phytochemical components. The GC-MS analysis showed significant variations in the chemical components depending on the solvent polarity. The n-hexane extract mainly had lipophilic compounds. GC–MS analysis of Tacca integrifolia stem extracts revealed a diverse range of bioactive secondary metabolites, with marked variation depending on solvent polarity. Non-polar n-hexane extracts were predominantly enriched with fatty acid derivatives, hydrocarbons, and terpenoid-type compounds, whereas methanol and ethanol extracts contained a higher proportion of oxygenated compounds, including alcohols, esters, and phenolic derivatives. Aqueous extracts mainly exhibited polar constituents. HPLC profiling further confirmed the presence of several polyphenolic compounds in the methanol and ethanolic extracts. These polyphenols are widely associated with antioxidant and biological activities, highlighting the therapeutic relevance of Tacca integrifolia stem. This research provides a scientific basis for further research on the pharmacological potential of the stem of Tacca integrifolia as a source of phytochemicals with multiple health benefits. Hence, this research can open doors to various ailments with the thorough utilization of its positive outcomes.