Association of Vitamin D level in type II diabetic patients with inflammatory biomarkers: a review

Abstract

Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a disorder characterized by insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation. Several studies have reported a high rate of Vitamin D deficiency among individuals with T2DM and increased rate of inflammation. Inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are commonly elevated in T2DM patients and are indicative of inflammation. Moreover, vitamin D plays a crucial role in modulating immune function and inflammatory responses. Vitamin D receptors are expressed in immune cells and Vitamin D has been shown to suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines while promoting anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Additionally, Vitamin D may regulate immune cell function and modulate inflammatory signaling pathways. Clinical studies regarding the effects of Vitamin D supplementation in T2DM patients have shown promising results in reducing inflammatory biomarker levels and improving glycemic control. However, further research is needed to confirm the specific mechanisms by which Vitamin D reduces inflammation in T2DM and to determine possible strategies for using Vitamin D in T2DM patients. This can open a new effective therapy for reducing complications of type II diabetes patients and improve their overall condition. Further research is needed to validate these findings and to explore the therapeutic potential of Vitamin D supplementation in T2DM management.