IoT-enabled mobile robot for environmental monitoring with multi-modal communication

Abstract

This work presents the design and deployment of a cost-effective IoT-enabled mobile robot for real-time environmental observation. The system integrates temperature, humidity, gas, and motion sensors with an ESP8266 microcontroller to enable cloud-based data transmission. A dual-mode communication framework utilizing both Wi-Fi and RF ensures reliable performance, even in low-connectivity environments. Key features include a laser-guided robotic arm for remote manipulation, a motion-triggered camera for visual monitoring, and solar-assisted power management to support extended field deployments. Experimental results demonstrate consistent sensor data acquisition, a communication latency as low as 10 milliseconds, and an energy consumption of approximately 25.6 watts. Compared to existing solutions, the proposed system offers a compact, multifunctional platform with enhanced communication flexibility and energy efficiency, making it suitable for diverse environmental monitoring and remote operation scenarios.