A descriptive review on Monkeypox virus from past to present

Abstract

Monkeypox infection is caused by an oval-shaped, double-stranded DNA virus called Monkeypox virus (MPXV) belonging to the Poxviridae family and Orthopoxvirus genus. Previously, this virus used to infect only in regions of Central, East, and West Africa. Recently, its outbreak outside Africa at an extreme level has made the World Health Organization (WHO) declare the MPox infection a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on July 23, 2022. The review covers a detailed discussion of the history, evolution, current situation, and possible future outcome of MPXV. Additionally, MPXV characteristics, replication mechanism inside the host cell, and symptoms related to the infection are also explained here. Other than the advantages and disadvantages of different identification methods, particularly the importance of Genome Sequencing is meticulously pointed out in this article. Besides, the review also highlights the approved antiviral treatment, preventive measures, and challenge-resolving strategies for better management of MPXV outbreaks.