Isolation and identification of respiratory pathogen from sputum sample assessment antibiotics resistance: single centered cross sectional study

Abstract

Respiratory tract infections are general health threats that are magnified by increased cases of antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to isolate respiratory pathogens from sputum samples to determine their resistance profile in a single center cross sectional study. In all, 909 samples (indoor and outdoor patients) were analyzed by standard microbiological techniques and the AST was performed. Among 909 samples,413 growth were found where 195(47.32%) were Klebsiella pneumonia and 183(44.31%) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These were the two most common causative organisms in the study. Furthermore, we also found about 7.58% of cases (31) to be Streptococcus, 0.24% of cases (2) to be Escherichia coli , 0.24% of cases(1) to be Staphylococcus and the same for antibacterial. A thorough analysis was performed on data collected from June of 2024 to August of the same year. The present study emphasizes the importance of periodic screening of resistance profiles ensuring that health professionals adhere to appropriate antibiotics prescription to curb the resistant strains. For example, Klebsiella Sensitivity of amikacin was 71.79% but its resistance of piperacillin was 29.23%. Similarly, Pseudomonas resistance trend for Piperacillin was also similar to Klebsiella which was 29.23% and for Meropenem the resistance showed 13.11% which was very alarming. Again, Pseudomonas showed strong effectiveness for amikacin which was around 71.79% sensitive. Thus, according to our findings, the most effective antibiotics are Amikacin, Gentamicin and Meropenem which showed high efficacy for our researched organisms. In contrast, the least effective antibiotics are Clindamycin, Cefixime, Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin which faced widespread resistance, inhibiting their utility in severe infections. This work adds important baseline information to aid health professionals in clinical management and infection prevention planning.