A review on newly approved PARP inhibitors: Talazoparib and Olaparib

Abstract

This review delves into the intricate landscape of Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, specifically focusing on two notable contenders in cancer therapy – Talazoparib and Olaparib. By targeting the DNA Damage Repair (DDR) signaling system crucial for cancer growth, these inhibitors disrupt essential mechanisms like homologous recombination, base excision repair, and mismatch repair. Talazoparib, a PARP inhibitor, has demonstrated its potential as a breakthrough in metastatic breast cancer with BRCA1/2 mutations, surpassing traditional chemotherapy in efficacy. Through PARP trapping and catalytic inhibition, Talazoparib disrupts repair processes, earning approval for BRCA-mutated breast cancer and homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene-mutated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.Similarly, Olaparib, another PARP inhibitor, is approved for treating pancreatic, ovarian, breast, and prostate cancers. Its impact on synthetic lethality in cancer cells with BRCA mutations is evident, blocking PARP-mediated repair of single-strand breaks. Clinical trials affirm Olaparib's manageable safety profile and efficacy in treating HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, prostate cancer, and ovarian cancer. The study concludes that Olaparib and Talazoparib stand as effective therapeutic options across various cancer types and genetic abnormalities. It aims to enlighten medical professionals about the potential of precision medicine in advancing cancer therapy, emphasizing the need for personalized approaches in clinical practice.