Association of vitamin D levels and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a highly prevalent chronic disease representing a serious public health issue worldwide. The decline of renal functions and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are the hallmarks of CKD. Life expectancy and quality of life are compromised due to CKD. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in the regulation of calcium and bone homeostasis, blood pressure, never transmission, erythropoiesis, etc. Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism is the genetic alteration of the VDR gene that can cause significant changes in regular biological functions such as calcium metabolism, immune function, and cell proliferation. Vitamin D levels and VDR gene polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with renal problems, cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, osteoporosis, autoimmune diseases, cancer, infectious diseases, and type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This review aims to investigate the association of vitamin D levels and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with CKD.