AMR Chowdhury Publications Volume I: 1978-1991

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10361/13276

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Use-pattern of oral contraceptive in rural Bangladesh
(Bangladesh Development Studies, 1978) Chowdhury, A.M..R.; Chowdhury, Fakhrul Islam
Use-effectiveness and safety of oral contraceptives in rural Bangladesh
(Bangladesh Development Studies, 1980) Chowdhury, A.M..R.; Chowdhury, Fakhrul Islam; Ahmed, Allauddin
Use and safety of homemade ORT: an epidemiological evaluation from Bangladesh
(International Journal of Epidemiology, 1998) Chowdhury, A.M..R.; Vaughen, J Patrick; Abed, Fazle Hasan
উন্নয়নে বেসরকারি সংস্থাসমূহের ভূমিকা: ইপিআই কার্যক্রম প্রসঙ্গ
(বাংলাদেশ উন্নয়ন পরিষদ, 1991) চৌধুরী, আহমেদ মোশতাকুর রাজা; আহমদ, সালেহউদ্দীন; সাত্তার, মুহম্মদ গোলাম
The problem of diarrhoeal disease in developing countries
(BRAC, 1987) Chowdhury, A.M..R.; Vaughen, J Patrick; Oral contraceptives.; Unwanted pregnancy--Decision making.
The long-term role of national non-government development organizations in primary health care: lessons from Bangladesh
(Oxford University Press, 1990) Chakraborty, A.M..R.; Streefland, Pieter
The 1987 flood in Bangladesh: an estimate of damage in twelve villages
(The Journal of Disaster Studies and Management, 1988) Chowdhury, A.M..R.
Teaching ORT to women: Individually or in groups
(Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 1988) Chowdhury, A.M..R.; Abed, Fazle Hasan; Ahmed, Jalaluddin
Programmes to promote the widespread use of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea used a variety of methodologies to carry the message to mothers. The Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) sent its health workers to individual households, and mothers were trained through a one-to-one approach. The cost of training a mother was 72 US cents. Recently, an alternative approach was tried. Instead of individually, mothers were tririned-in · groups which halved the cost. Outcome indi• cators, such as usage, knowledge and safety of ORT solution, were looked at for each type of approach and were not found to be significantly different.
Social mobilization for EPI in Bangladesh
(University Press Limited, 1991) Chowdhury, A.M..R.; Chowdhury, Afsan; Abed, Fazle Hasan; Mckee, Neill
The role of NGOs in international health development
(Bloomsbury Academic, 1989) Chowdhury, A.M..R.; Abed, Fazle Hasan
The retention of knowledge about homemade oral rehydration solution: a survey in rural Bangladesh
(Bangladesh Paediatrics Association, 1983) Chowdhury, A.M..R.
Oral rehydrattion therapy for dirrahoea
(Bangladesh journal of child health, 1987) Chowdhury, A.M..R.; Vaughen, J Patrick
Prevention of night blindness in rural Bangladesh
(World Health Forum, 1989) Chowdhury, A.M..R.
Mother learn how to save the lives of children
(World Health Forum, 1988) Chowdhury, A.M..R.; Vaughen, J Patrick; Abed, Fazle Hasan
Lesssons from successful experiences
(The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), 1990) Chowdhury, A.M..R.; Huda, Khawja Shamsul
Over the past eighteen years since its liberation, Bangladesh has been trying to achieve economic development and societal modernization to alleviate widespread poverty. Unfortunately, the government's efforts have largely failed to extend benefits to a vast majority of the rural poor. The situation is not much different in the population sector. Although containing the high rate of population growth is considered a top priority by the government. achievements have become very modest. In the backdrop of such a disquieting scenario, extending benefits and services to the poor at the grass-roots level has increasingly become an abiding concern for the government and non-government organization’s a-iGOsJ alike "Special" programmes were undertaken by the government and various NGOs. Some of these were very successfull in attaining certain objectives, but others were not. In this chapter, we have looked at six different projects which are either addressing the question of family planning exclusively or are involved with much wider development interventions. The project run by the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR,B) in Matlab has been quite successful in increasing the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) and in reducing the fertility levels. The project of the Centre to rep1ic:ue the Matlab experience in the normal government programme in two upazilas has so far achieved mixed results. In the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), family planning is not a priority but through the successful implementation of other programme elements such as female education, health, nutrition, employment, generation conscicntisation and empowerment. Women's development. etc .. the proximate determinants of fertility arc being effectively addressed. The question of activating the government system to provide better health and family planning services was addressed by the Munshiganj (GTZ) project. Different innovative programmes of Gonoshasthya Kendra (GK) are addressing the health. family planning and women's status questions. CARE is helping the government in its immunisation programme and Bangladesh Women's Health Coalition (BWHO is concentrating on women's reproductive health and clinical contraceptives. The: reasons behind the apparent "success" of these projects are discussed and their limitations pointed out.
The expanded programme on immunization: NGOs on the move
(ADAB News, 1989) Chowdhury, A.M.R
Perception of diarrhoea and the use of a homemade oral rehydration solution in rural Bangladesh
(International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), 1998) Chowdhury, A.M..R.; Vaughen, J Patrick
Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is being widely promoted in developing countries. but the socio-cultural aspects of diarrhoea are often poorly investigated prior to planning the programmes. Since 1980, Bangladesh- Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), a non-governmental organisation has promoted a home-made OAT solution for use in all diarrhoeal episodes called lobon-gur solution (LGS), which is made from household lobon (salt) and gur (unrefined sugar) using the 'pinch and scoop' method. One mother per household is trained in its preparation and use during a half-hour home visit. By late 1986, over 7 million of Bangladesh's million households had been visited. Initial programme monitoring showed that most mothers could prepare a safe and effective solution, but that its use was less encouraging. A village study undertaken to investigate this low use found that villagers recognize four different types of diarrhoeal illnesses, which are dud haga due to breast-milk in infants; ajTrno due to over-eating or bad food; amasa, a mucoid diarrhoea, with or without blood and of unknown cause and daeria; which is severe watery diarrhoea or cholera. LGS was most frequently used for daeria episodes which, although representing only 5% of all episodes, are those most likely to lead to dehydration and death. Thus, the BRAC message promoting LGS for all types of watery diarrhoea was understood by the people to be of most use for severe watery diarrhoea. The importance of this local classification of diarrhoea has only just received recognition. despite more than 25 years of diarrhoeal disease research in Bangladesh.
পল্লী দারিদ্র্য নিরসনে ঋণের প্রভাব: ব্র্যাকের কার্যক্রমের একটি মূল্যায়ন
(গবেষণা ও মূল্যায়ন বিভাগ, ব্র্যাক, 1991-03) চৌধুরী, আহমেদ মোশতাকুর রাজা; মাহমুদ, মোস্তফা; আলম, আমিনুল
Oral rehydration therapy : a community trial comparing the acceptability of homemade sucrose and cereal-based solutions
(Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1991) Chowdhury, AMR; Karim, F.; Rohde, J.E.; Ahmed, J.; Abed, F.H.
Sugar-based oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea is promoted in many countries of the world. One programme in Bangladesh has instructed more than 13 million mothers in the preparation of a sugar-salt solution in the home; despite very high rates of correct mixing and knowledge, subsequent application was found in only some 20% of all diarrhoea episodes. Since rice is far more available in rural homes (95%) than any type of sugar (30%) and rice gruel is a widely accepted food during illness, a field trial was conducted in three areas (total population, 68,345) to compare the acceptability and use of rice-based ORT with that of sugar-based ORT. Although the mothers unanimously agreed that the rice-based solutions "stopped" the diarrhoea more quickly, they used the sugar-based solutions twice as often (in 40% of severe watery episodes) as the rice-based solutions (in 18%), because the rice-ORT was much more time-consuming and difficult to prepare. The observed reduced utilization of home-made rice-ORT makes it a poor substitute for sugar-ORT at the community level in rural Bangladesh. PIP: Sugar-based oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhea is promoted in many countries in the world. 1 program in Bangladesh has instructed more than 13 million mothers in the preparation of a sugar-salt solution in the home; despite very high rates of correct mixing and knowledge, subsequent application was found in only some 20% of all diarrhea episodes. Since rice is far more available in rural homes (95%) than any type of sugar (30%) and rice gruel is a widely accepted food during illness, a field trial was conducted in 3 areas (total population=68,345) to compare the acceptability and use of rice-based ORT with that of sugar-based ORT. Although the mothers unanimously agreed that the rice-based solutions stopped the diarrhea more quickly, they used the sugar-based solutions twice as often (in 40% of severe watery episodes) as the rice-based solutions (in 18%), because the rice ORT was more time-consuming and difficult to prepare. The observed reduced utilization of homemade rice-ORT makes it a poor substitute for sugar-ORT at the community level in rural Bangladesh. (author's).
Folk terminology for Diarrhea in rural Bangladesh
(Oxford University Press, 1991-03-01) Chowdhury, AMR; Kabir, Zarina N.
Diarrhea, a descriptive term used in medical science for a variety of clinical diseases denotes an illness that is categorized differently and known by numerous terms in various cultures. These diversified classifications and terminologies are based on the symptoms of diarrheal disorders their perceived etiology, and their treatment. In Bangladesh, four types of illnesses with names derived from folk terminology have been identified for which the clinical symptoms resemble those of diarrhea. These include dud haga, which is due to ingestion of breast milk by infants; ajirno, which is due to overeating; amasha, a mucoid diarrhea; and daeria, which is severe watery diarrhea or cholera. Use of the word diarrhea in epidemiologic evaluations was discovered to be problematic; people confused this term with daeria, which accounted for only 5% of all episodes of diarrhea. The implications of such epidemiologic information for a large-scale program of oral rehydration therapy are also discussed.

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