Thesis & Report (Master of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10361/9273

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Open Access
Design and techno-economic analysis of agrivoltaic system in the context of Bangladesh
(BRAC University, 2026-01) Rejwana, Zihan; Rahman, Md. Mosaddequr; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Agrivoltaic systems provide a viable approach to addressing land-use competition between agriculture and solar energy, particularly in Bangladesh. This thesis aims to design and evaluate an agrivoltaic system for a representative site in Bangladesh by integrating technical performance analysis with economic feasibility, while limiting crop yield reduction to a maximum of 25%. A techno-economic assessment is conducted using solar irradiation analysis, geometric shadow modeling, and three-dimensional (3D) shading simulations. The impacts of key design parameters, including panel tilt, mounting height, inter-row spacing, and inter-panel gap, are systematically evaluated. A fixed-tilt photovoltaic system with tilt equal to the site latitude is analyzed and compared with a flat installation, considering seasonal weather conditions. Geometric shadow calculations are validated against 3D SketchUp simulations. Results indicate that the latitude-tilted configuration captures approximately 11% higher annual solar energy than a flat system. Shadow length exhibits a U-shaped seasonal trend, with maximum shading during the winter months (October–February) and increased variation at higher panel elevations. The geometric and 3D shading models show close agreement, with deviations within 10%. Increasing inter-row spacing reduces ground coverage ratio and energy yield while improving crop yield, whereas overall land equivalent ratio remains nearly unchanged for two-crop systems. Simulation outcomes show that the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) spans from 1.14 to 1.27 across all configurations. Of the 18 design options analyzed, 14 achieve LER values between 1.20 and 1.27, which can be considered the optimal range, reflecting consistently high land-use efficiency for most of the proposed agrivoltaic layouts. Economic analysis reveals that energy revenue contributes over 90% of total profit. An optimal design is recommended with a ground coverage ratio close to 0.30 and inter-row spacing of 100–300 cm to maintain profit loss within 25%.
Open Access
A comparative study of AI-based and signal processing techniques for condition monitoring of power transmission networks
(BRAC University, 2025-09) Khalif, Abdirizak Abdullahi; Huda, A. S. Nazmul; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Transmission lines are essential for transporting power over long distances as far as it is not always effective and it may also fail thus putting the flow of power at risk and the people who depend on power at risk as well. This is why the maintenance of their reliability and efficiency is of paramount importance in energy infrastructure of the contemporary world. This research aims at exploring the detection and classification of faults in power networks. Here, a novel hybrid model, DWT- CNN-BiLSTM, is presented which combines signal processing and deep learning and compares it with the classic machine-learning and deep learning approach. A dataset of 11,000 current and line-voltage samples that were provided in MATLAB SimPowerSystem evaluated the proposed model. Wavelet transform breaks down the signals by time-frequency, which represents transient faults as well as attenuating noise. The resulting coefficients are then inputted into a CNN, which produces spatial features, which are then inputted into a BiLSTM that yields bidirectional time information. One last Softmax layer allows fault detection and classification of multiple classes reliably. It is a robust, high-accuracy end-to-end pipeline that can be deployed in real time, and the accuracy of fault-detection is 99.86 %, and the accuracy of classification is 93.75%. Further proof of the effectiveness of the hybrid model is that the hybrid model surpasses single-method machine-learning and Deep learning baselines in terms of precision, accuracy and recall. Such findings show that the model can be applied in practice in real-time as a way of enhancing system stability in power-generation, predictive maintenance, or operational resiliency.
Open Access
Comprehensive analysis of sweep assisted enhanced adaptive fuzzy – P&O algorithm for efficient MPPT PV system
(BRAC University, 2025-09) Rahman, Muhammad Istianatur; Huda, A. S. Nazmul; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
This research work proposes an algorithm that contains a dual-mode controller which uses adaptive fuzzy-enhanced P&O for fine-tuning steady-state control and sweep-based exploration for precise initialization for PV system with better oscillation, improved convergence speed and good tracking efficiency. This algorithm operates in two modes. The first mode is the sweep mode which is used to bring the operating point into the area of the Maximum Power Point (MPP). In this mode the duty cycle (D) is perturbed with a fixed step size, which sweeps the operating point across the entire I-V curve. Simultaneously, an initial estimate of the MPP voltage (Vmpp,est) is calculated using an empirical formula that incorporates real-time measurements of average irradiance (Gavg) and temperature (T). A sweep counter is increased if the operating point is far from the estimated MPP. After a predefined number the algorithm transitions to the second mode. In this mode the system first calculates the changes in power and voltage using this value the FIS computes the adaptive step size and using that the duty cycle is generated for the PV system. A 100kW PV system is modeled in MATLAB/SIMULINK, using the proposed technique the convergence time is obtained 16.8ms the voltage oscillation is 0.7V and the tracking efficiency is 99.6%.
Open Access
Modeling and simulation of SPR biosensors for detection of hemoglobin, electrolytes, glucose, and mosquito-borne infections in blood
(BRAC University, 2025) Tasnim, Nishat; Mohsin, Abu S. M.
Recently, Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) has become an important technique in the development of sensors, surpassing traditional methods. This advancement represents an exciting frontier in nanotechnology, providing innovative solutions for the detection of biomolecules. This research is dedicated to design a simple device to measure hemoglobin (Hb) concentration in blood, detecting mosquito-borne diseases, and assessing glucose and electrolyte levels. Hemoglobin, a vital protein within red blood cells, plays a crucial role in oxygen transportation throughout the body. The device a nanohole array integrated dual-mode SPR sensor accurately measure hemoglobin concentrations, which aids to detect hemoglobin disorder. The study also explored the detection of the dengue NS1 antigen and malaria virus in humans through a MIM based grating-SPR sensor which is capable to focuses on the early identification of these mosquito-borne diseases. Additionally, glucose and electrolytes level in blood is also detected. The study simulated refractive indices of blood samples and assessed the plasmonic response through a wavelength range of 450 nm to 2500 nm. The proposed 3- layers biosensor has a top grating layer placed on a plasmonic metal base of Gold (Au) and Silver (Ag), all supported by a substrate. The plasmonic response is investigated through numerical simulation performed in ANSYS Lumerical FDTD solution 8.19.1584 for x64 version. Several key performance parameters namely Sensitivity, Full-Width-at-Half- Maximum (FWHM), Quality Factor, and Detection Accuracy were calculated to evaluate the performance of the plasmonic sensor model in biomolecular detection. The obtained results were compared with those reported in the existing literature to determine the degree of improvement and the extent of innovation introduced. It was found that the proposed design is capable of sensing the refractive indices of biomarkers across a broad wavelength range, thereby offering significant potential for advancing bio-sensing technologies
Open Access
Development of custom RISC-V central processing unit (CPU) with open-source Google + SkyWater 130 nm
(BRAC University, 2025-09) Rahman, Md. Shyeem; Rahman, Touhidur; Hossain, MG Sorwar; Harun-Ur-Rashid, A. B. M.; Rahman, Md. Mosaddequr; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
The chip design industry relies heavily on secretive methodologies and designs. A significant gap exists between commercial design environment and open-source environment. Although a range of open-source CAD tools has been developed to address aspects such as system design, logic synthesis, place-and-route, test insertion, and verification, there is no established toolchain for open-source library characterization. This thesis aims to develop that toolchain for open-source library characterization and develop a custom standard cell library based on Google + SkyWater 130nm technology. To further verify the toolchain and libraries, a RISC- V CPU is designed with the same library using established open-source Place and Route tools and simulated for result verification. Therefore, this work aims to tackle issues related to open-source chip design while diving deep into open-source tools to design a RISC V CPU. To achieve this, the gaps which remain between the ASIC design done with commercial design tools and open-source tools are addressed and bridged.
Evaluating the impact of component unavailability on power distribution feeder reliability
(BRAC University, 2025-05) Roy, Bannay; Huda, A. S. Nazmul; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
The power distribution system reliability is the key driver for service quality as well as customer satisfaction. In this study, the impact of component unavailability on overhead as well as underground distribution feeder reliability is analyzed in terms of reliability metrics like SAIFI, ASAI, ENS, CAIDI, and SAIDI. Due to environmental conditions, overhead power distribution lines face many challenges, while underground power distribution cables are superior to this due to their resiliency and performance. The reliability of distribution feeders varies based on the analysis of different protective devices such as fuses, disconnecting switches, and alternative supplies as well as the restoration process of transformer failure. Using the analytical approach, this study evaluates the reliability of both feeder types such as overhead and underground in different unavailability cases. It is observed that the reliability level of feeders is greatly impacted by the absence of these devices. The results also show that the feeder reliability is improved when overhead power lines are replaced by underground power cables, resulting in a reduced number of outages and durations.
Open Access
Study the dynamic performance of an AC multimachine power system with PV integration
(BRAC University, 2025-05) Rahman, Mahfuzur; Rahim, Abu Hamed M. Abdur; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
The integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems into multimachine AC power grids is vital for addressing the growing demand for clean and sustainable energy. This study investigates the dynamic performance of a multimachine AC power system with integrated PV generation. A detailed AC system model is developed. After conducting load flow analysis, one of the synchronous generators is replaced with a PV system to simulate renewable energy penetration. PV model is implemented to accurately represents its behavior in the grid. A PI controller is designed and applied to the system to enhance grid stability through voltage and frequency regulation. Since PV systems typically inject only real power and do not contribute reactive power support, thereby directly enhancing the damping characteristics of the system. The model development and simulations are performed and validated in MATLAB. Results reveal the impact of PV integration on the multimachine system, showing variations in transient stability and fault response. The integration of PV into the AC system contributes energy production as well as improves system transient performance, reducing generator stress, and improving overall dynamic stability. This study offers 5th order modeling for generators and new insights into the role of renewable generation in supporting conventional grid systems, particularly under transient and dynamic operating conditions.
Design of a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) using GPDK045 CMOS Technology
(BRAC University, 2025-02) Mohonto, Nerob Kumar; Rahman, Touhidur; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
A Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) is a feedback control system used to synchronize the frequency and phase of an output signal with a reference signal widely applied in communication systems, data recovery and frequency synthesis. The high-frequency operation and rapid switching of PLL circuits often result in substantial power consumption, posing challenges in designing for high-speed applications. This project addresses these challenges by developing a PLL that balances performance with power efficiency. The PLL architecture includes a Phase Frequency Detector (PFD) to compare the phase difference between input and feedback signals, a Charge Pump (CP) and Loop Filter (LF) to process this phase error into a stable control voltage and a Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) that adjusts output frequency accordingly. Performance metrics, including lock time, lock range, phase margin, gain margin, jitter, and output frequency range are analyzed and optimized for stability and efficiency. Using Cadence Virtuoso simulations, the project evaluates key trade-offs, producing a PLL design that maintains precise frequency control and low power consumption, ideal for high-performance electronic applications.
Feasibility study of renewable energy integration in an islanded microgrid: a Bangladesh's perspective
(BRAC University, 2024-12) Alam, Zubayer; Rahman, Md. Mosaddequr; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
This study proposes a design of a microgrid took into account the Bangladeshi island of Dublar Char. A scenario-based analysis which comprises one system of standalone PV and wind systems along with battery storage and another system considering backup generator have been considered based on the calculated load requirement of the Dublar Char. The average load demand of the Dublar Char, Island area is 5,246.9 kWh/day. Life Cycle Cost analysis claims, 20% load dependency for PV and battery storage and 80% load dependency for wind became the optimum design solution for the Dublar Char community. The total land required for PV module, Wind Turbine and Battery storage system, would be approximately 2 acres. Based on a 20-year project life, the return on investment is expected to be 9.09 years If the diesel generator is capable of providing a backup energy supply to the PV night load demand, the LCC will be significantly lower than regular and less space will need to be occupied (1.5 acres of land). Based on a 20-year project life, the return on investment is expected to be 6.27 years.
Open Access
Broadband, polarization insensitive and tunable THz metamaterial absorber using graphene and phase change material
(BRAC University, 2024-12) Preety, Nazia Homaira; Mohsin, Abu S. M.; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Metamaterials are artificially-engineered materials with features that are not easily evident in naturally occurring materials. They can be used for perfect lenses, invisibility cloaking, perfect absorption and transmission and other applications because they exhibit novel properties such as left-handed behaviour, a negative refractive index, a classical analog of electromagnetically-induced transparency, extraordinary transmission, negative Doppler effect and more. Metamaterial-based perfect absorbers are potential candidates for practical use as perfect absorbers. In this study, we looked at a novel strategy to build a graphene metamaterial (GMM) based terahertz (THz) absorber with dual-mode functionality, tunability and broadband absorption. We carried thorough simulations on four alternative configurations and observed the maximum absorption and its efficiency. The absorber is designed to work in two unique modes, increasing its suitability for various THz applications, by manipulating resonant structures and the materials. We also did detailed simulation on five distinct configurations of tuned resonant structures, which differed from those in the previous structures, and concluded that the optimized structure with phase change material (PCM) can accomplish bandwidth almost twice as large. Phase change materials are promising possibilities for electronic Flash memory. They are often utilized in commercial optical disks and rewritable media. Phase change material (PCM) is extraordinary compounds with unique switchable properties leading to an explosion of new applications in the field of electronics and photonics. Furthermore, the absorber is polarization insensitive, has a wide viewing angle and responds quickly. Metamaterial structures are mainly three layered. Two optimized structures of metamaterial absorbers have been proposed. This study gives insight into the new method that increases the high absorption width, as well as the great potential in the multifunctional modulator, considering with and without the phase transition material. Our primary goal is to design a graphene-based metamaterial absorber that can achieve near unity frequency absorption that has maximum bandwidth. We have designed simple structure compared to the existing hybrid absorbers that can give nearly frequency bandwidth 7.69THz dualband and multiband absorption. Furthermore, we demonstrated step-by-step reliable methodologies to the fabrication of graphene-based metamaterial.
The impact of natural dust on outdoor PV panels: the performance analysis and short-term prediction
(BRAC University, 2024-09) Islam, S. M. Shamsraj; Rahman, Md. Mosaddequr; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
This study focuses on the performance of PV modules, assessing the impact of dust in a suburban area of Bangladesh. Data was collected between December 2022 and February 2023 from two photovoltaic (PV) panels, one is kept clean and other one intentionally left dusty. The analysis is divided into two sections: performance analysis and prediction analysis of PV panels. The findings reveal that, dust significantly reduce energy output, with a reduction of 5.09%, 4.75% and 3.95% in December, January and February, respectively. Additionally, weather condition (sunny and rainy) influences the short circuit current of the PV modules. The long-term effect of dust accumulation on panel performance are also evident. Furthermore, in time series analysis, the LSTM model was trained using two months of data, and its prediction for short circuit current closely aligned with the experimental data, achieving low RMSE value of 6.28 and 11.46, respectively.
A Statcom based PMSG wind energy system
(Brac University, 2022-09) Thapa, Anil; Rahim, Abu Hamed M. Abdur; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
With ever increasing growth of the wind power, the large penetration of wind energy has brought opportunities along with challenges integrating it in the existing power system grid. A power system network is complex and the contingencies are inevitable. The energy generated from the wind is intermittent and need proper Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Algorithm with appropriate power electronics device. The situation is more difficult for variable speed PMSG system connected to weak grid. The grid codes are necessary to strictly comply with a set of rules that address reactive power control, power quality, voltage ride through to minimize the grid instability and power quality issues. STATCOM is one of the promising FACTS devices extensively used in solving power quality issues. This project studies the role of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbine system with STATCOM controller for reactive power compensation. A detailed model of the PMSG along with the dynamics of the converters have been included. DC link capacitor voltage of the back-to-back converter needs to be maintained within strict limits for smooth power transfer in the system. The STATCOM is placed at the terminal of the grid side converter. An independent P-Q controller is designed for STATCOM to provide the necessary reactive power to regulate DC link capacitor voltage and maintain stability. The simulation studies have shown that the proposed controller provides good damping and settles the transients satisfactorily following the disturbances.
Open Access
Water quality monitoring Using Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Learning (ML) for domestic application
(BRAC University, 2022-08) Mohamed, Ahmed Mahad; Mohsin, A. S. M.; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Water is one of the greatest blessings that nature has to offer, and it is necessary for the survival of all living things, including humans, animals, and plants. At this time, challenges are being faced all around the world in meeting the requirements for water that can be consumed. The most severely impacted by this crisis are those in underdeveloped countries. Because there is not enough adequate monitoring of water quality and quantity, the current water issue is just going to get worse as the population continues to grow. With the recent advancement in information and communication system technology, there is a growing interest in the development of smart and cost-effective solutions for water quality monitoring system (WQMS). To get a lasting solution to the above problem, we built a system containing eight sensors (PH, Temperature, TDS, Turbidity, Pressure, Volume, Color, and Flow) that can monitor the quality and quantity of the household water. All these sensors were connected with an esp32 Wi-Fi module, and all the data collected from the sensors were stored into a cloud-based server. Afterwards water quality data was visualized in the Thingspeak server in real time. Additionally, we employed two machine learning algorithms such as FB prophet and SARIMA ARIMA and predicted the future values. The primary goal of this project is to develop a water quality monitoring system (WQMS) so that the consumer can monitor the water quality in real-time and can use the safe water for drinking. This low-cost monitoring system uses the new technology Internet of Things, and Machine Learning, all of which have the potential to replace the conventional methods of water quality monitoring. Customers, vendors, and the government all can benefit from this system as communication can move in both directions. This approach will enable the government not only to obtain taxes but also help to regulate the water situation, which will lead to an increase in customer trust in the government and the suppliers. The developed system can surely use for water quality monitoring systems. To check the validation of the developed system I use two different sources (normal water source and contaminated water source) the result was as expected different sources have different results.
A Statcom based PMSG wind energy system
(Brac University, 2022-09) Thapa, Anil; Rahim, Abu Hamed M. Abdur; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
With ever increasing growth of the wind power, the large penetration of wind energy has brought opportunities along with challenges integrating it in the existing power system grid. A power system network is complex and the contingencies are inevitable. The energy generated from the wind is intermittent and need proper Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Algorithm with appropriate power electronics device. The situation is more difficult for variable speed PMSG system connected to weak grid. The grid codes are necessary to strictly comply with a set of rules that address reactive power control, power quality, voltage ride through to minimize the grid instability and power quality issues. STATCOM is one of the promising FACTS devices extensively used in solving power quality issues. This project studies the role of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbine system with STATCOM controller for reactive power compensation. A detailed model of the PMSG along with the dynamics of the converters have been included. DC link capacitor voltage of the back-to-back converter needs to be maintained within strict limits for smooth power transfer in the system. The STATCOM is placed at the terminal of the grid side converter. An independent P-Q controller is designed for STATCOM to provide the necessary reactive power to regulate DC link capacitor voltage and maintain stability. The simulation studies have shown that the proposed controller provides good damping and settles the transients satisfactorily following the disturbances.
Design of a cost-effective hybrid renewable energy system in a remote area of Somalia
(Brac University, 2022-06) Nur, Abdiaziz Ali; Huda, A. S. Nazmul; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Due to the availability of distributed generators (DG). The structure, complexity, and design of power systems are changing in the modern day. Climate change is an additional concern, as limiting global warming to 1.5°c will require a rapid and sustained reduction in Green House Gas (GHG) emissions, including a 45% reduction in global carbon dioxide emissions by 2030. Renewable energy is clean, eco-friendly, and reliable. This thesis examines the Design of cost effective hybrid renewable energy system in a remote area of Somalia. Renewable energy resources are located in Dusmareb, Somalia. The LCOE is 0.153$/kWh, compared to 0.6$/kWh on the grid in a given region. The system is capable of supplying the load demand. HOMER Pro is used to perform optimization and sensitivity analysis. The system is designed and simulated using Matlab/Simulink. The Perturb and Observe MPPT algorithm is utilized to extract the highest amount of energy possible from the photovoltaic and wind systems.
Optimal capacitor placement in radial distribution system for loss minimization using particle swarm optimization
(Brac University, 2022-06) Ismail, Abdiwahab Mohamed; Huda, A. S. Nazmul; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
The primary goal of the project is to minimize the system's power loss. In general, power systems are three - stage process: generation, transmission, and distribution. The distribution system is the final component of the system, it is responsible for providing power to the load. It frequently suffers from excessive power loss, which results in a variety of problems, including unbalanced lines, overloaded transformers, and bypassing meter connections. The distribution system power loss can be decreased by equipping it with capacitor banks. However, the issue is how to choose the optimal capacitor bank and bus for the system. This project presents a particle swarm optimization for capacitor placement in a radial distribution system with the goal of reducing the system active and reactive power losses losses and improving the system voltage profile; prior to installing the capacitor banks in the power system, a power flow analysis was performed to determine the system's power loss and to observe the power losses due to different buses. Particle Swarm Optimization determines the location of the capacitor bank on the node. before installing capacitor banks the Active and reactive power losses increase to 6024.85 kW and 3822.68 Mvar, respectively. The particle swarm optimization algorithm selected 10 power system buses and their capacitor banks. After installing the capacitor bank, the active and reactive power losses of the system decrease to 852.8 kW and 440 kVAr, respectively. as a result, the voltage profile of all the system buses is enhanced.
Dynamic modeling and performance analysis of an autonomous and non-autonomous microgrid
(Brac University, 2022-08) Poudel, Bishop; Rahim, Abu Hamed M. Abdur; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
A microgrid system with a power system grid connection is advantageous because it can depend on the power grid when additional power is needed. Alternatively, it can also feed the grid with its excess generation. This project looks into the dynamic behavior of a microgrid when it switches from non-autonomous to autonomous mode. Non-linear dynamic model of non-autonomous as well as autonomous systems for a PV-wind-microalternator-STATCOM integrated microgrid system has been developed. Non-linear state equations for the various components of microgrid are modeled in terms of a 28th order dynamic model. The performance of the system is also evaluated by solving the differential equations through MATLAB ode programs. The power generated by three different generating sources are fed to the point of common coupling (PCC) so that the excess generation can be supplied to the main grid. The effect of temporary and permanent fault in the system network has been investigated. A STATCOM controller connected to the microgrid gives voltage support to the system during contingencies. Simulation results suggest that the proposed model can effectively operate in non-autonomous mode until severe disturbance is encountered in the main grid. It also shows that it is capable of switching to the autonomous mode once the disturbance is found to be severe or if it persists for a longer time. The results also shows that the fluctuation in the output waveform is minimum during the period of transition.
Open Access
Limiting the fault current of a wind turbine driven doubly fed induction generator system using fuzzy resistance limiter
(BRAC University, 2022-08) Thapaliya, Sudeep; Rahim, Abu Hamed M. Abdur; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
A doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is preferred over other wind generators because of its capacity to adapt to variable wind speeds and economic converter. DFIG is sensitive to grid faults as its stator is directly connected to the grid. To fulfill the grid code requirement, DFIG is required to be connected to the grid during the fault. Converter control is not sufficient to maintain grid stability. Ladder resistive fault current limiter (LRFCL) and fuzzy logic control-based series dynamic braking resistor (FLC-SDBR) are proposed for low voltage ride-through (LVRT) enhancement. The series resistor consumes the surplus active power during the grid voltage dip. A control system has been developed to control the step resistance in the LRFCL, whose operation changes with the deviation in grid voltage. A fuzzy logic-based control system has been developed to precisely control the power being consumed in the SDBR. The LVRT capability of the DFIG has been investigated for different levels of fault in bus terminals. The performance of the proposed model is compared with that of a resistive superconducting fault current limiter (R-SFCL) and a conventionally controlled SDBR. Simulation results performed in MATLAB show that the proposed model has the capacity to enhance LVRT for different levels of bus voltage sag. FLC-SDBR is superior in performance with a quick restoration of the system stability.
Design and simulation of solar-powered smart street lighting system for rural areas
(Brac University, 2022-12) Oyshi, Sohana Salim; Rahman, Dr. Md. Mosaddequr; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
This study proposes the design of a standalone Photovoltaic (PV) street lighting system on a village road in the Haripur Upazilla of Thakurgaon, Bangladesh. To optimize the system, simulation software has been utilized. Through software simulations, the optimal 15W LED light and 28.50m pole-to-pole distance have been determined. The system's monthly electrical output, taking into account all relevant efficiency parameters and the environmental impact. A 90W PV module-powered street light system generates 0.147 MWh of energy per year from a single pole, while the LED consumes only 0.073 MWh at its peak, which is 50.34% less than the amount of energy the system is designed to generate. A cost benefit analysis shows that the proposed system costs 18.33% less than the conventional local grid-connected system
Perturb and observe based maximum power point tracking of wind power system
(Brac University, 2023-06) Hossain, Murad; Rahim, Abu Hamed M. Abdur; Huda, A. S. Nazmul; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Maximum power obtainable from a wind generator depends on the wind speeds. So, for varying wind speed conditions, tracking the maximum power point is essential for efficient power transfer to the grid. There are several gradient based search methods which are employed in maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the wind generator. There are steepest descent method, hill climbing method, etc. The Perturb and Observe (P&O) method is one of the simple gradient techniques, which have been used in this work. The perturb and observe (P&O) method identifies the maximum power point (MPP) by adjusting the rotor speed of a wind turbine. The algorithm works by perturbing the rotor speed of the wind turbine and observing the change of power output for a certain wind speed. If the power output increases, the algorithm will continue to perturb the rotor speed in the same direction until the power output decreases. At this point, the algorithm changes direction and starts to perturb the rotor speed in the opposite direction. This process is repeated continuously, and the rotor speed is adjusted as necessary to track the maximum power point. Also, the corresponding rotor and power errors are measured by calculating differences between their estimate and actual values. The proposed algorithm entire process has been simulated by using MATLAB and tested under varying wind speed conditions. The simulation results show that the rotor speed followed the change in wind speed properly, indicating the effectiveness of the algorithm in tracking maximum power output. Also, the rotor speed and corresponding power errors have been measured, which is to very negligible errors. So, this algorithm is utilized to obtain the maximum power point (MPP) with easy computational effort.

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