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listelement.badge.dso-type Item , Antimicrobials resistance pattern of escherichia coli collected from various pathological specimens(© 2012 Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2012) Akter, Farhana; Hossain, M. Mahboob; Rahman, Arifur; Shaha, Mukta; Amani, Amani El Abd Abu Amo; Department of Mathematics and Natural SciencesIrrational use of antibiotics is common in Bangladesh. The purpose of the present study was to know the effectiveness of various commonly used antimicrobials against Escherichia coli. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done by Disc Diffusion method. In this study, antimicrobial resistance pattern of 163 isolates of Escherichia coli collected from various pathological specimens were determined. Most of the isolates (77%) were collected from urine sample. The highest numbers of isolates were resistant to cloxacillin (96.93%) and the lowest number isolates were resistant to imipenem (5.52%). Out of 163 isolates 141 (86.5%) were resistant to ampicillin, 89 (54.60%) to ceftazidime and 88 (53.99%) to ceftriaxone. From this study, it also appears that third generation cephalosporins (ceftazidime and ceftriaxone) were more effective against the test isolates in comparison to penicillin. The present study also revealed that 113 (69.33%) isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 92 (56.44%) to chloramphenicol, 121 (74.23%) to co-trimoxazole and 128 (78.53%) to nalidixic acid. To the aminoglycoside drug 58 (35.58%) isolates were resistant to gentamicin and 74 (45.40%) to netilmicin. In this study 138 (84.66%) isolates were resistant to doxycycline, 126 (77.30%) isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Four isolates showed resistance to all the antimicrobials used except to imipenem. In the present study imipenem was found to be the most effective and 154 out of 163 isolates (94.48%) were found to be sensitive and cloxacillin was least effective and only 5 out of 163 isolates (3.07%) were sensitive to this penicillinase resistant drug.listelement.badge.dso-type Item , Binding of desloratadine and atenolol with bovine serum albumin and their in-vitro interactions(© 2012 Ars Pharmaceutica, 2012) Shihab-us-Sakib, Khondoker; Islam, Mohammad A.; Moniruzzaman, M.; Hussein, Anwar; Hossain, M. Mahboob; Mazid, Mohammad A.; Department of Mathematics and Natural SciencesAims: The binding of atenolol a selective β1 receptor antagonist and desloratadine, an H1 receptor antagonist, to bovine serum albumin. Methods: The analysis of binding was studied by equilibrium dialysis method (ED) using ranitidine and diazepam as site-1 and site-2 specific probe, respectively. Results: The study suggested two sets of association constants, for atenolol: high affinity association constant (k1 = 5 × 10-5 M-1) with low capacity (n1 = 2) and low affinity association constant (k2 = 2.5 × 10-5 M-1) with high capacity (n2 = 5), while for desloratadine: high affinity association constant (k1 = 45 × 10-5 M-1) with low capacity (n1 = 1.3) and low affinity association constant (k 2 = 5 × 10-5 M-1) with high capacity (n2 = 2.5) at pH 7.4 and 27 °C. During concurrent administration of atenolol and desloratadine in presence or absence of ranitidine or diazepam, desloratadine causes the release of atenolol from its binding site on BSA resulting reduced binding of atenolol to BSA. The increment in free fraction of atenolol was from 84.01% to 99 % upon the addition of increased concentration of only desloratadine at a concentration of 0 × 10-5 M to 14 × 10 -5 M. In presence of diazepam as site-II specific probes, desloratadine further increases the free fraction of atenolol was from 0.45% to 14.3%. Conclusion: These data were indicative for the interaction of higher concentration of desloratadine at the binding sites on BSA changing the pharmacokinetics properties of atenolol.