Thesis (Master of Arts in English)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10361/28415

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Open Access
Teacher code-switching as a scaffolding tool in primary ESL classrooms in Bangladesh
(BRAC University, 2026-01) Siddiqui, Jarin Tasnim; Rubaiat, Shakika; Department of English and Humanities
This study investigates how Bangladeshi primary ESL teachers use code-switching between Bangla and English as a scaffolding tool to support young learners’ English development. Grounded in Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory and the Zone of Proximal Development, the research conceptualises code-switching as a mediational strategy that provides temporary, adaptive support rather than a sign of linguistic deficiency. A qualitative design using semi-structured interviews and classroom observations explores when, why, and how teachers switch codes, and how these practices interact with English-only policy discourses. Thematic analysis reveals the functions of code-switching in clarifying concepts, reducing anxiety, and promoting participation, while also highlighting risks of overreliance. The study offers context-sensitive implications for teacher education, bilingual pedagogy, and language-in-education policy in Bangladesh.
Open Access
The unexplored realities of the students of urban slum during and after COVID-19: impacts, challenges and resolutions
(BRAC University, 2026-04) Rozario, Badhon Hilarash; Ahmed, Sabreena; Department of English and Humanities
The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a global crisis that affected every facet of daily life, including education. The most profound challenges faced by students specifically slum students during the pandemic were often overlooked. Therefore, the study explored the slum-dwelling students in and after the pandemic to unveil the unidentified stories, experiences, and challenges of these poor and marginalized students alienated from mainstream students. A qualitative multiple case study was adopted through semi-structured interviews to identify their experiences and harsh realities during the pandemic. This research was conducted among twenty-five high school urban slum students in a tuition-free underprivileged school. The study's major findings through the qualitative thematic analysis of the interview transcripts show that many of the students left Dhaka for their ancestral home due to the economic crisis, the closure of all forms of classes, the inability to have technological devices, and the want of helpful personnel in their studies. Their challenges were psychological, physical, social, civic, and technological illiteracy. This piece of work fills the gap in exploring the realities of slum-dwelling students in and after the pandemic, seeking the probable steps they took to continue their studies, and providing some recommendations for the state and society to work out. The study also invites advanced research to discover the complexities and constraints of the slum students, particularly related to education.
Open Access
Encountering western feminism in Leila Aboulela’s fictional world
(BRAC University, 2025-12) Islam, Fouzia Nayrit; Huq, Sabiha; Department of English and Humanities
In contemporary times, Arab feminism has emerged as a critical discourse that demands equal rights for Arab women by challenging patriarchal authority and gendered power structures. The second wave of Western feminism has generated significant global influence by universalizing women’s issues and promoting a single feminist framework for women’s liberation. Arab feminism has not remained outside of its influence. However, the realities and experiences of Arab women are shaped by distinct cultural, social, religious norms and expectations of Arab society, resulting in diverse issues and understandings of liberation which are not adequately addressed yet. The prominent Egyptian author, Leila Aboulela has introduced a new framework of Arab feminism that effectively considers the distinct social, cultural and religious realities of Arab women while highlighting the limitations of Western feminist ideals in Arab contexts. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the way in which Aboulela’s fictions challenge the dominant Western ideology and perspectives of women’s liberation by delineating their authentic realities, their ambitions and understandings of liberation which are deeply intertwined with cultural and religious norms and values. This research emphasizes that a separate and unique feminist model, independent of Western influence, is required for Arab women that will adequately address their concerns and issues based on their geopolitical and social contexts. Also, this study claims that Leila Aboulela has set an example of a distinct model of Arab feminism where Islamic values and genuine feminine desires of family and community life co-exist with independence and empowerment.
Open Access
Teachers’ feedback-giving strategies in English language assessment: a study of urban primary schools in Bangladesh
(BRAC University, 2025-08) Payel, Sajnin Alam; Tafannum, Atiya; Department of English and Humanities
Feedback is a key component of the learning and teaching process as it helps students to understand their strengths, weaknesses, identity where they need to work for improvement, and develop their knowledge and skills effectively on English language. By exploring feedback giving practices of teachers this study aims to understand how feedback strategies and type of feedback are applied in the real classroom setting and how teachers support students’ learning outcomes in a meaningful way. The study adopted a qualitative approach, where the researcher used the purposive sampling technique to choose seven teachers from primary level. The findings of the study were collected through semi-structured interviews. The study shows that teachers’ feedback on students' performance works significantly because without feedback learners do not understand their strengths, weaknesses and their needs. Furthermore, teachers’ guidance and instructions offer learners a better understanding of their mistakes. However, several challenges were also identified, including large classroom sizes with several students, lack of teachers’ training on feedback, lack of resources, time limitations, varying needs and levels of the learners and so forth. The findings highlight the variety of feedback strategies used by teachers based on learners' needs and performance. The study also provides insight into the role of feedback in supporting learners' learning outcomes. The findings also suggest directions for further research and improvement in feedback practices.
Open Access
Negotiating roots and routes in Jhumpa Lahiri’s Interpreter of Maladies
(BRAC University, 2026-01) Islam, Meheraj Rubayat; Huq, Sabiha; Department of English and Humanities
The research paper examines the representation of South Asian diasporic experiences in Jhumpa Lahiri’s Interpreter of Maladies, focusing on the struggle between cultural backgrounds and migratory paths as a negotiation. Drawing on theories of hybridity and alterity in a postcolonial context, particularly in the work of Homi K. Bhabha and Edward Said, the investigation explores how identity is articulated and put under stress and reconfiguration (redefinition) by displacement, memory, and cultural encounter. Based on qualitative textual analysis, the dissertation uses four chosen stories, specifically: “A Temporary Matter”, “Interpreter of Maladies”, “When Mr. Pirzada Came to Dine”, and “The Third and Final Continent” to explore emotional turmoil, psychological complexity, and cultural dilemma that first and second-generation Indian immigrants face in the United States. The characters in Lahiri’s stories exist in the interworld, where they are uncertain of their identity, and it keeps shifting. Movement and migration are part of their identity rather than residing in a particular place. The immigrants of the first generation draw power from the recollection of their homeland and cultural heritage, that enable them to survive in new surroundings. In comparison, the second-generation needs to seek belonging differently and, in most cases, in scattered and challenging social and cultural networks. The psychological impacts of migration and resettlement, which include the sensation of loss, longing, fear, and resilience, are also exposed by the stories. Lahiri’s examination of interiors, the unstated, austerity, and metonymic objects all contribute to this sharp portrayal of cultural struggle and emotional negotiation. Overall, the study shows how diasporic identities in Lahiri's writings are formed in the relationship between inherited cultural pasts and migration experiences. The work also contributes more broadly to diaspora and identity studies by its attention to the affective dimensions and lived experiences of transnational lives.
Open Access
Digital nations and fragmented identities: women, nationalism and online politics in A Burning and Americanah
(BRAC University, 2026-01) Roy, Monisha; Tasnim, Sumaiya; Department of English and Humanities
This paper analyzes how nationalist media and digital politics shape women's voice and identity in Megha Majumder’s A Burning (2020) and Chimamanda’s Ngozi Adechie’s Americanah (2013). Using close textual analysis, this paper investigates how gender, race, class, religion and nationalism influence whose voice is heard or silenced within digital media. Drawing on postcolonial feminism, nationalism theory and digital media studies, this paper explores that digital platforms are not neutral spaces to express freely, rather it’s a site of power, surveillance and public judgements. Through the character of Jivan and Ifemelu, this paper argues how digital space can enable and restrict women’s agency. This digital space is not neither neutral nor equally accessible, rather it is a space that remains unequal, constructed and deeply structured by power. Ultimately, this paper offers a critical analysis of how contemporary literature exposes the limits of digital freedom and challenges the dominant nature of it, regarding voice, belonging and empowerment in the digital age.
Open Access
Queer wounds and the post-colonial condition: exploring trauma, identity, and resistance in a globalized world
(BRAC University, 2026-01) Trisha, Nadia Akter; Huq, Sabiha; Department of English and Humanities
This research study explains the themes of belonging, identity, queer feminist resistance and nationalism in a globalized world in The Ministry of Utmost Happiness by Arundhati Roy. The novel presents a wide range of characters who live on the margins of Indian society. Like these characters there are many people facing this situation from different countries of the world. Anjum is a transgender Muslim woman and Tilo is a political woman. Their lives are shaped by violence, exclusion, and resistance. Roy raises question of the idea of fixed national identity and exposes the divisions that exist in a country. Through the characters personal stories, which is formed by religion, caste, gender or sexuality, and politics shows various difficulties. This research paper uses queer feminist theory, trauma theory, and post-colonial theory to examine how the novel portrays the struggles of those who do not fit into the traditional society. The study shows that Roy connects personal identity with state violence. Anjum’s story challenges traditional gender roles, societal norms. It also highlights how queer individuals rejected from both nationalist and feminist spaces. Tilo’s journey reflects the trauma and identity crisis which is caused by political conflict, particularly in Kashmir. This study also draws comparisons with other literary works, including The Shadow Lines by Amitav Ghosh, Home Fire by Kamila Shamsie, Orlando by Virginia Woolf, Imagined Communities by Benedict Anderson and Kamala Das’s poem “The Dance of the Eunuchs”. These literary texts help to expand the understanding of nationalism and personal identity within a post-colonial context. These texts help us to rethink about the modern globalized world. By analyzing Roy’s novel, this research paper shows that literature can unveil many unsaid and hidden truths about society and power. It shows many unfair occurrences. It can unveil the bitter histories. The novel also suggests that healing is possible through the courage to challenge racial power. It emphasizes the importance of empathy, justice, and multi-cultural communities offering a powerful critique of rigid national and social structures in contemporary India. It also highlights the how the renowned authors and critics supports and objects about her point of view.
Open Access
From education to professional life: language proficiency and social adaptation challenges faced by Bangladeshi Madrasah students
(BRAC University, 2026-01) Hossain, Sahadat; Ahmed, Sabreena; Department of English and Humanities
The increasing demands of globalisation have made the English language a gatekeeper for entering the professional world. Despite having opportunities to enter the job market, madrasah students face difficulties with English. The current study focuses on their English language learning, leaving a gap in understanding their communicative adaptations in the workplace. Thus, to address this gap, this study explores how Bangladeshi madrasah students experience their communicative challenges, how these challenges affect their social adaptation, and what coping strategies they use to overcome them. Employing a qualitative case study, this research captures the lived experiences of five Bangladeshi madrasah students working across multiple sectors through semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify the themes. The findings reveal that English-language education in madrasah is mostly exam-oriented and focuses only on reading and writing, leading participants to face challenges with spoken English, professional writing, formal norms, and accent-related insecurities, which sometimes hinder their professional interactions. Social adaptation challenges include interactions with the opposite gender and discrimination based on attire and in the job sector recruitment. However, participants have developed strategies such as self-directed learning using online tools, writing books and dictionaries, and becoming more flexible in adapting to secular settings. This study recommends curriculum reforms for CLT and provides teacher training to better prepare madrasah students for the professional environment. The findings make a significant contribution to understanding employability, educational equality, and the gatekeeping role of English in a postcolonial context.
Open Access
Factors influencing vocabulary development among Bangla-English bilingual children in an urban Bangladeshi context
(BRAC University, 2026-01) Samiha, Ramisha Anjum; Sultana, Asifa; Department of English and Humanities
This study aims to highlight the factors that influence the expressive and receptive vocabulary development among the bilingual Bangla and English-speaking urban children. This paper adapts a quantitative correlational analysis to examine how social, biological, environmental, and parental variables can shape children’s vocabulary knowledge. Another important aspect of this study is to reveal the reasons behind imbalanced vocabulary acquisition in two languages in a bilingual setting. To conduct the study, the researcher has selected 143 participants who are bilingual and aged between 2 and 3 years old. A parental demographic report has been used along with the Communicative Development Inventories (CDIs). A statistical analysis has been done to establish the correlation of participants’ vocabulary score with several factors found from parental demographic reports. Overall, the findings indicated that societal, habitual and developmental factors are the key variables that differentiate the vocabulary outcomes among children.
Open Access
Parental involvement in English language learning in rural areas of Bangladesh
(BRAC University, 2025) Sultana, Nur E Afrin; Amin, Md Al; Department of English and Humanities
This study explored how rural Bangladesh parents involve in English learning journey of their children. Effective English skills have great significance to success in advanced learning and better employment opportunity throughout the world. However, it is difficult to impart English as skillfully in Bangladesh's underprivileged village environments. This is because most parents themselves do not have much institutional education; they lack financial stability, and they simply do not understand how to assist their children with a comparatively complex subject like English. The main objective of this research was to explore factors that stand against for parents to engage in their children’s education particularly in case of English. While many studies point out the importance of parental help in general, there are not so many that have been focused on how they help with a foreign language such as English, which most parents are themselves unable to speak or even understand. An in-depth, qualitative research approach was used for this study which involved conducting twelve interviews with parents whose children are enrolled in secondary school (high school) in semi-urban and rural Bangladesh. Specifically, they were asked regarding the types of help they provide, difficulties they encounter in engaging in their children’s education, their individual ideas and perception about English, and the steps they would aspire to take with an aim to help their children. Findings show that parents help in many ways mainly based on their own educational background. Parents with limited or no formal education mostly helped by making sure children finished homework, reading to them, and giving overall encouragement. They most often reported that they could not do anything else as they had a "lack of knowledge" or were "illiterate" in English. Parents who had attended secondary school, however, were able to give more direct academic support, to help with grammar and spelling errors. In short, the study highlights the fact that while parents really do believe English is essential in their children's future lives, their ability to help is greatly negated by their own ability and lack of proper guidance or materials where they live. These results are important for educators and education policy makers because they imply the value of uncomplicated, focused, and practical parent participation programs that can have an impact on enhancing English achievement among rural students.
Open Access
Potrayal of the subaltern in The Tempest
(BRAC University, 2025-10) Rafid, Sadman; Huq, Sabiha; Department of English and Humanities
The paper discusses the representation of subalterns in The Tempest by William Shakespeare, paying special attention to the silencing of the voices of lower classes and women. Caliban is the colonised and silent figure, and Miranda is the only woman in the play who is dominated and manipulated and used by her father, Prospero. By these characters, Shakespeare reveals how the ruling class possesses power and uses it over them. To explore this, the study uses Marxist feminism to bring out the connection between the oppression of classes and gender. The stance of Miranda reveals the fact that women are made property both in the patriarchal and the class hierarchy. The theory of power by Michel Foucault elaborates further on how power can work not only by rulers but also by knowledge and language, as well as everyday practices. This manipulation, though unobtrusive, is shown in the fact that Prospero has power over magic, education, and speech. Another politics that is present in the play is that of the upper classes, where Prospero as the representative of the ruling elite,can continue to dominate through silencing the voices of the subalterns, such as Caliban and Miranda. Instead of being passive victims, their struggles also demonstrate how power marginalises and erases the bottom. After all, The Tempest can be seen as much more than a magical story and as a text that dramatizes the silencing of the subaltern. This study argues that Shakespeare’s play should be read as a critique of how power, class, and gender intersect to suppress marginalised voices, especially those of colonised subjects and women.
Open Access
A comparative analysis on Jennifer Egan’s a visit from the goon squad and the candy house : through the lens of Postmodernism
(BRAC University, 2025-11) Nusrat, Suhala; Noman, Abu Sayeed Mohammad; Department of English and Humanities
This whole paper studies the idea of postmodernism based on Jennifer Egan’s two novels A Visit from the Goon Squad (2010) and The Candy House (2022), which stand as the remarkable exemplars of postmodern fiction in twenty first century. In spite of being published more than a decade apart, these two novels are elaborately linked through their unified characters, narrative formats, as well as through their thematic concerns. Although The Candy House does not serve merely as a sequel; still it is an expansion of the imaginative as well as the structural universe of the novel A Visit from the Goon Squad. While this paper explores the postmodern feature through the idea of postmodern narrative strategies; which includes fragmentation, non linear temporality, intertextuality, shifting narrative perspectives; in order to question the postmodern anxieties which is surrounded by fluid identity, technology, and surveillance.
Open Access
Exploring silenced voices and nationalism: reimagining in South Asian fictions
(BRAC University, 2025-10) Ratri, Fahima Islam; Noman, Abu Sayeed Mohammad; Department of English and Humanities
This paper is an attempt to highlight the silent voice (marginalized contribution) of women in the national movement context. In general, history has often glorified the heroic roles of the men who created a nation, but the irreplaceable participation and sacrifices of that nation’s women have often been untold.Whereas it should be more concerned with the stories of ordinary people. Therefore, the focal concept of this paper is “Gender and Nationalism.” Hence, this paper will endeavor to mirror the significant shift in women’s position from perceived passivity to active participation in the context of South Asian nationalistic movements. Women surmounted several obstacles and limitations to become proactive change agents who shaped national identities and enhanced the nationalist movements. This evolution is not only about being more apparent; it is also about how gender roles are being intricately reconfigured in the social and political arenas.
Open Access
Ancient tragedy as modern margins: rewriting of a classic as resistance in Kamila Shamsie’s Home Fire
(BRAC University, 2026) Sinha, Noor Jahan; Huq, Sabiha; Department of English and Humanities
This thesis examines, how Kamila Shamsie’s novel Home Fire functions as an act of political and cultural resistance by rewriting Sophocles’ ancient Greek tragedy Antigone in the context of contemporary British Muslim experience. After September 11, 2001 terrorist attack, British Muslims have faced investigation, restricted citizenship, and marginalization through counter-terrorism policies. Shamsie responds to this crisis by adapting one of Western literature’s most celebrated texts. Using adaptation theory, postcolonial theory, intersectional feminism, and political philosophy, this research provides the first comprehensive analysis of Home Fire as an adaptation of a classic text. This thesis argues that Shamsie’s rewriting works as resistance on multiple levels. It exposes Creon’s ancient tyranny, and humanizes characters in media representation. Through detailed comparative analysis, the thesis examines three dimensions of the adaptation. First, it analyzes how both texts use the unburied body to explore citizenship, statelessness, and sovereign power. Second, it investigates how gender shapes resistance, focusing on the sisters who fight for their brothers and the politics of public mourning. Third, it explores how Shamsie transforms tragic from itself from a Greek play to a contemporary novel. This research connects classical reception studies, postcolonial literature, and British Muslim writing – fields that rarely engage with each other. By showing how Home Fire works both as literary achievement and political intervention, this thesis illuminates the power of classical rewriting as a tool for resistance against contemporary injustice.
Open Access
The culture of make belief : towards understanding postdigital identity, platformization and techno nationalism through infinite detail
(BRAC University, 2025-10) Shuvo, MD Khairuzzaman; Noman, Sayeed; Department of English and Humanities
This dissertation is a story about our culture of make belief. Due to advent of platforms such as Facebook, Reddit, Google and Amazon, new imagined communities are being born, which are techno-nationalist in nature. Platforms are also reconfiguring our identities and projecting cybernetic governance upon us by shifting sovereignty from the land towards the cloud. The primary focus of this research is the deconstruction of these ideas of contemporary nationalism, Postdigital identity, and the platformization of our daily lives, by focusing first on ‘what’ they actually mean,‘how’ they operate, and ‘why’ we should care about them in the first place, by situating theoretical texts alongside the novel Infinite Detail. The story ends on the note of both practical and philosophical advice, acknowledges limitations and highlights the scope for future research.
Open Access
Curated memories, constructed selves: memory, identity in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go and Lois Lowry’s The Giver
(BRAC University, 2025-10) Tahura; Noman, Abu Sayeed Mohammad; Department of English and Humanities
The topic of memory studies has seen a significant increase in scholarly attention in recent years, particularly in the humanities, due to its ongoing expansion and disputed nature. Using two dystopian novels that illustrate the frailty of individuality under institutional control—Never Let Me Go (2005) by Kazuo Ishiguro and The Giver (1993) by Lois Lowry—this essay critically analyzes the relationship between memory and identity. Drawing from John Locke's memory theory of personal identity as well as current research on collective and cultural memory, the paper makes the case that memory serves as both the basis for selfhood and a site of resistance and institutional manipulation. Kathy’s disjointed memories of Hailsham in Never Let Me Go serve as an example of how memory shapes and limits one's sense of self, even as it is influenced by social structures. In contrast, The Giver depicts a society in which everyone's memory is purposefully wiped, making people uniform and submissive until Jonas's memory inheritance reawakens his moral agency and individuality. Using a comparative approach, the research shows that whereas memory strengthens individual and collective identity, its manipulation or absence weakens selfhood. While Jonas's revolt restores memory to his people, Kathy's narrative act protects her humanity. Both texts simultaneously portray memory as a method of resistance. The study comes to the conclusion that memory plays a crucial role in human dignity and freedom by serving as the foundation of identity as well as a tool for fending off systems that aim to eradicate individuality.
Open Access
Burden of memory: unresolved childhood trauma, truth, and healing in home before dark and the paper palace
(BRAC University, 2025-10) Nijhum, Fatema Ferdousi; Noman, Abu Sayeed Mohammad; Department of English and Humanities
This thesis explores the strong influence of unresolved childhood trauma on adulthood. Through an in-depth analysis of the novels Home Before Dark by Riley Sager and The Paper Palace by Miranda Cowley Heller, it examines how unresolved trauma shapes the protagonists’ identities, inner selves and life choices. Moreover, the paper highlights how other aspects like parental ignorance and generational silence can intensify the effect of trauma. Furthermore, it suggest the importance of confronting the past and breaking the cycle of silence for healing and recovery. This thesis aims to show the profound impact of unresolved childhood trauma on adulthood, the role of generational silence and parental denial on suppressed trauma and the significance of setting in reflecting the characters’ inner selves and emotional states in Home Before Dark and The Paper Palace. This thesis also uses Trauma theory, Affect theory and Psychoanalytical theory to explain these points.
Open Access
An analytical study of problematic marital life and its psychological effect in Gillian Flynn’s Gone Girl and Alex Michaelides’ The Silent Patient
(BRAC University, 2026-01) Taiyeba, Kazi; Noman, Abu Sayeed Mohammad; Department of English and Humanities
It is common sense that a husband and wife would provide emotional support for each other. Obviously, too much emotional dependency could cause loss of self, fear of abandonment, and lack of boundaries. On the other hand, interdependency provides mutual support and secure attachment. In the two novels, The Silent Patient and Gone Girl, we see the importance of interdependence. Theo Faber, one of the major characters of the novel The Silent Patient, is a victim of excessive emotional dependency. He always believes that his wife is his lifesaver. Eventually, he could not let go of his wife, Kathy, after finding out about her infidelity. Moreover, Amy Dunne, the protagonist of the novel Gone Girl, is similarly obsessed with her husband. No matter what, Amy never wanted to leave her husband, even though he was cheating on her. Both the novelists, Alex Michaelides and Gillian Flynn, portray through their unique narratives how emotional dependence leads a spouse to mental devastation. However, “interdependence is the solution.” Is this a good answer? In my dissertation, through my research question, I will present whether interdependence is crucial for a healthy married life and how emotional dependence causes incurable psychological effects.
Open Access
Implementing kinesthetic activities among young learners of English in Bangladesh
(BRAC University, 2022-09) Roy, Binoy; Ahmed, Sabreena; Department of English and Humanities
This study explores both traditional and kinesthetic activity-based English classrooms of young learners in Bangladesh. It adopted a qualitative multiple case study approach and selected a cohort of six students of grade one and two as the participants of the study through the purposive sampling techniques. The researcher designed the conceptual framework of the study with the combination of traditional activities (Madani, 2021) and kinesthetic activities (Jill, 2022). For the data collection, the researcher conducted four classes; two traditional and two kinesthetic activity-based classes where he observed the students in the classes. After the analying the observation, field-notes and video recordings of the classes, the researcher took semi-structured individual interviews of the students and their parents. The qualitative thematic analysis of interview transcripts revealed that in most of the cases, the implementation of kinesthetic activities brought a more positive outcome in all of the students except for one participant. Some of the positive outcomes included students‟ higher interest, interaction, attention and participation in the kinesthetic classes. This study is significant in filling the gap of knowledge about the influences of kinesthetic activities in young learners‟ classrooms and, has pedagogical and theoretical implications as well which is recommended for teachers of English who teach young learners in an ESOL context such as Bangladesh.
Open Access
An analysis of Heinlein’s Starship Troopers and the discourse on defining fascism
(BRAC University, 2025-10) Khan, Mosabbir Alam; Noman, Abu Sayeed Mohammad; Department of English and Humanities
Heinlein’s Starship Troopers is greatly influential in the military science fiction genre but faced controversy due to accusations of promoting fascism that still linger on in online debates even today. This is questionable as there is a lack of academic materials that carry out an in-depth analysis of the novel and its ideas while addressing the fascist question. This paper aims to address this gap by thorough analysis. For this, the paper defines fascism using a number of existing academic works and sources to compare to the ideas explored and promoted in the novel. The analysis reveals that core ideas promoted by the novel like individualism are at odds with fascist beliefs but it does not stop others from deriving their own meaning that often contradicts the novel’s established elements. The findings indicate that the novel is not fascist as it is deliberately reinterpreted to align with Western political narratives.

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