Jamiruddin, Mohd. RaeedAhmed, Md. Shakil2026-04-122026-04-1220252025-10ID 21146009http://hdl.handle.net/10361/27856Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 52-55).This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy, 2025.Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is accelerating in low- and middle-income countries, yet district-level data remain scarce in northern part (Rangpur) of Bangladesh. Methods: We analyzed 200 clinical specimens from two Rangpur facilities (Jan–Jun 2025). Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing followed CLSI (2025). Proportions and 95% CIs were calculated. Results: Culture positivity was 58.5% (117/200; 95% CI 51.6–65.1). Escherichia coli predominated (77.8% of isolates). MDR prevalence was 92.3% in E. coli (84/91; 95% CI 85.0–96.2) and 100% in Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=1). Overall resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was 63.8% (e.g., cefixime 79.1%, ceftriaxone 59.8%), and fluoroquinolone class resistance 28.5% overall; notably, E. coli ciprofloxacin resistance reached 76.9%. Agents retaining activity included amikacin (R ≈13%) and nitrofurantoin (R ≈27% for urinary isolates). Conclusions: AMR in Rangpur is severe, with very high MDR—especially in E. coli—and limited efficacy of commonly used oral agents. Strengthened stewardship, diagnostics, and integrated surveillance are urgently required; organism-specific therapy should be guided by susceptibility testing.62 pagesenBRAC University theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission.Antimicrobial resistanceMultidrug resistanceEscherichia coliMiddle-income countriesBacterial identificationMedical microbiology.Drug resistance in microorganisms--Developing countries.Bacteria--Identification.Thesis