Raeed, MohdRahman, Md. Mehrab F2025-05-212025-05-2120252025-03ID 19346060http://hdl.handle.net/10361/25943Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 37-49).This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy, 2025.Urinary adenocarcinoma which is a form of bladder cancer remains to be a major global health issue where smoking recognized as a prominent risk factor. Carcinogenic components in cigarette smoke, such as nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and reactive oxygen species, promote this type of cancer by such processes including DNA damage, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. These mechanisms activate major carcinogenic pathways, such as NF-κB and COX-2/PGE2 which promotes tumor progression. On the other hand, garlic (Allium sativum) shows anticancer effects, primarily due to its bioactive compounds like allicin, DADS, and DATS. These chemicals reduce oxidative stress, inflammatory pathways, and promote apoptosis in cancer cells. Garlic shows effect on signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK which lower down the tumor promoting effect caused by smoking. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms associated with smoking-induced bladder cancer and the protective role of garlic. Also, it proposes garlic’s potential as a dietary intervention for cancer prevention.49 pagesenBRAC University theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission.SmokingBladder cancerMolecular mechanismsOxidative stressInflammationGarlicAnticancer propertiesUrinary adenocarcinomaSmoking--Health aspects.Urinary tract cancers.Cancer prevention.Garlic--Therapeutic use.Thesis