Characterizing the co-existence of metallo-β-lactamase and extended spectrum beta-lactamase genes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in community wastewater samples of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract

Gram-negative bacteria with Metallo Beta-Lactamase (MBL) and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) production are a new concern worldwide. And these are the most concerning topics as they are being antibiotic-resistant day by day which is becoming a world-alarming situation in medical therapies. Here the sample was collected from the community wastewater and the main concern was to find gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli which are producing MBL and ESBL, MBL is a type of carbapenemase enzyme that displays the ability to inactivate all classes of β-lactam antibiotics, including the last-resort carbapenems, except for monobactams. ESBL enzymes, also most commonly found in Enterobacteriaceae, can inactivate cephalosporins and monobactams such as aztreonam. In this project, the water sample was collected to isolate E.coli by using selective media with the addition of supplements after proper dilution. And antibiotic sensitivity tests were run throughout the project to identify the Multidrug Resistant (MDR) and then proceed with the PCR with multiple coexisting genes blaNDM-1, blaIMP,blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaCTX-M. As a result, 110 isolates of E.coli were found after implying a proper way of spreading and streaking. 76 isolates were found to be resistant towards amoxicillin and 7 isolates were found to be resistant towards both gentamicin and meropenem where 30% of isolates of community wastewater exhibited multi-drug resistant properties. 48 isolates were confirmed for blaNDM-1, blaIMP,blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaCTX-M and 7 isolates of E.coli displayed co-existence genes.