Detection of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the eye and face makeup cosmetics collected from local markets of Dhaka

Abstract

The study aimed to determine the level of contamination and evaluate the multidrug resistance of the bacteria isolated from cosmetic products commonly used by women in Dhaka city. A total of 102 samples from locally manufactured brands of available kajol, eyeshadows, eyeliners, eye serums, compact powders, foundations, primers, and loose powders were collected from different areas of Dhaka., Bacteria were found in our 98% tested cosmetic samples. The range of aerobic plate count was 45–13.7x10¹⁴ and 95.09% of the samples exceeded the aerobic plate count (APC) limit provided by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Bacterial isolates detected include Bacillus cereus (48%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (66.67%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (77.45%), Escherichia coli (14.70%), and Staphylococcus aureus (83.3%). The highest antibiotic resistance was observed in Ceftazidime (70.91%), Sulfamethoxazole (83.68%), and Ampicillin (87.73%). All the gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria have shown multidrug resistance, with variations observed among samples depending on the type of bacteria. Multi-drug resistance of the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in cosmetic products was detected from 33% to 80%. When it comes to microbiological contamination, the presence of a large number of bacteria in cosmetic products is considered unacceptable. On the other hand, the antibacterial effect may have a major effect on the overall health of people.