The microbiome-cancer nexus: exploring female reproductive tract dysbiosis in gynecological malignancies

Abstract

A specific microbiome is maintained to sustain equilibrium and good reproductive health in females. Unlike the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, which may possess a low-biomass microbiome comprising a diverse array of microorganisms, the vaginal and cervical microenvironment of the majority of reproductive women is predominantly characterized by Lactobacillus species, which confer advantages to the host through symbiotic interactions. Even when the microbiota's equilibrium is upset, illnesses like cancer may be impacted by the changed immunological and metabolic signals. Gynecological malignancies may develop as a result of these modifications to the pathophysiological axis. According to recent data, gynecological tract dysbiosis, or disturbance of microbiota homeostasis, can hasten the development and spread of a number of gynecological neoplasms, including ovarian, cervical, and endometrial malignancies. Prognosis, diagnosis, prevention, and the creation of novel therapies all depend on an understanding of the connection between microbiota and gynecological cancer. This study aimed to provide an overview of the current body of information and understanding on female reproductive tract dysbiosis in gynecological cancer.