Countering online gender-based violence: cyber security or state security and the dilemmas of policy engagement

Abstract

Bangladesh has experienced rapid growth in the number of active internet and social media users. Internet subscribers have increased from 31.1 million in February 2012 to 131.37 million in December 2023. Online participation has increased, and the nature of this participation has changed over time, with social media playing a significant role in shaping public opinion and mobilising social movements. This paper explores the dilemmas faced by gender justice activists in Bangladesh regarding whether and how to engage with laws that conflict with fundamental freedoms and rights, while acknowledging the importance of a legal framework to regulate cyberspace. The research also examines the difficulties and limitations faced by activists in navigating existing institutions and laws to provide redress for victims of online gender-based violence (OGBV).