Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing and Quinolone resistance Salmonella spp. in Dhaka city retail meat: an emerging public health concern of Bangladesh

Abstract

Salmonella has represented as the primary cause of food poisoning in human. Immunocompromised people and infants are mainly vulnerable to salmonellosis; Salmonella can be found in many foods and food products including retail meat. Multi-drug resistance Salmonella has posed a robust challenge to food safety. Periodically, from March 2015 to December 2015,328 samples were collected from 10 live animal market (LAM) from Dhaka city in Bangladesh. In this study,15% (n=48) samples (13% chicken meat, 13% beef, 28% mutton, and 40% buffalo) were found to be Salmonella spp. positive. From (n=48) Salmonella isolates,58% nontyphoidal and 42% typhoidal Salmonella spp. were observed among the meat samples. A total of 13 antibiotics of β-lactam and Quinolone groups were tested to determine antibiotic resistance profile by using the Bauer method. Resistance to at least four antibiotic agents was detected in 100% (n=48) of isolates and the most extremely resistance were observed to Pefloxacin 100%, Enrofloxacin 78%, Nalidixic acid 74%, Ciprofloxacin 67% and ampiciline 58%. However, Ceftriaxone 4%, Cefixime 7%, Cefepime 9% and Imipenem 11% was shown relatively low antibiotic resistant. Presence of ESBLs (Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases) gene blaTEM 89% was remarkable, another gene bla IMP 29%, bla VIM 29%, bla CTX-M 27%, bla OXA 20% and bla KPC 11% was observed along or various combination. GyrA and GyrB was simultaneously observed in highly resistance quinolone antibiotics. Quinolone antibiotic resistance gene (GyrA 80%, GyrB 23% and parc 20%) was observed in phenotypic resistance isolate alone or concurrently. Resistant strains of Salmonella are common in retail meat, may be prudent use of antibiotics in livestock can mitigate this problem.