Infant and young child feeding knowledge and practices among lactating mothers attending an urban health care facility in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract

Introduction: The first 1,000 days of a child’s life are critical for growth and development as proper nutrition during this period plays a significant role in health outcomes in future. In Bangladesh, though breastfeeding rates are relatively high, challenges persist in achieving optimal Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices. Concerning stunting and wasting rates with lack of data in urban areas like Dhaka highlights the need for understanding the influencing factors of IYCF adherence. This study examines IYCF knowledge and practices among lactating mothers of children aged 0-6 months attending an urban MNCH facility in Dhaka. Method: A cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted at two Maternal Neonatal and Child Health (MNCH) facilities in Dhaka City from November 24 to December 11, 2024. The participants included 342 lactating mothers of infants aged 0-6 months, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected via a semi-structured questionnaire on socio-demographic factors, antenatal and postnatal care utilization, and IYCF knowledge, practices and barriers. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, and multivariable regression analysis. Findings: The study found that overall IYCF knowledge among the mothers was quite well, specifically regarding early breastfeeding initiation (90.4%) and colostrum feeding (99.1%). Knowledge gaps existed in complementary feeding, proper breastfeeding techniques and understanding broader benefits of exclusive breastfeeding. Out of 342 mothers, 100% breastfed their child at least once, 62.6% initiated breastfeeding within 1 hour, 81.6% exclusively breastfed and 17.0% practiced mixed feeding. Barriers such as low milk secretion, post-C-section complications, and cultural factors were significant challenges to optimal IYCF practices. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve optimal IYCF practices. Addressing barriers as well as strengthening of healthcare service are crucial for enhancing child nutrition in urban Bangladesh.