The emergence of antimicrobial resistance genes over the years and their geographic bias

Abstract

Antimicrobial agents have played a very intrinsic role in human and animal health since the beginning of the world. However, our irresponsibility has made this life saver, equally deadly. This study shows how much AMR has increased temporally and spatially in only certain bacteria. This might be a way to understand which bacteria acquire more resistance and seek a plausible cause and solution. After using an online database to extract the required sequences and annotate them via various bioinformatics tools, the results were tabulated and presented in graphs. According to timed data, the number of AMR genes increased by more than 2-3 folds in bacteria found in open environments, and with the bacteria encased in the host body, there were no noticeable changes. According to global statistics, AMR has increased higher in underdeveloped nations than in developed ones. For all periods, the average AMR gene count in developing nations was over twice that of developed nations for E. coli others exhibited data that was marginally higher for developing nations. However, the variation in the AMR for developing and developed count was not significant for bacteria rarely found in the environment. Thus, we can make a point that bacteria mostly found in open environments and poor countries acquired the most resistance towards antimicrobial drugs than found inside living bodies and richer ones.