Identity negotiation in individuals: a growing dilemma among the Marmas in Bangladesh

Abstract

Language and identity are inextricably linked to each other. Language is a crucial factor in the formation and fostering of ethnic identity. Marmas are the second largest indigenous group in CHT in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has languages including Bangla, regional dialects, and languages of different ethnic communities. The co-existence of languages places the Marmas in a challenging situation if their language is not mainstream. Despite being the second-largest indigenous community, fewer works have been conducted on the experiences of the Marmas in contemporary Bangladesh. The formation of ethnic identity greatly varies across different communities and within individuals as well. This qualitative study aims to unfold the perspectives and experiences of the Marma on the issue of identity negotiation. Through thematic analysis, the paper discusses how interactions within surrounding and established stereotypes crucially influence the sense of identity among the Marmas in contemporary Bangladesh. The paper pointed out multilayer factors in forming the sense of identity that despite sharing the same ethnic identity, an individual’s agency, actions, thoughts, and words also influence the sense of identity while dealing with different people in different contexts. In addition, it shows the Marmas’ preferences of language(s) to speak with the other indigenous groups in CHT related to identity negotiation.