Development and optimization of mefenamic acid microspheres utilizing hydrophilic polymers for enhanced drug delivery

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study is to develop mefenamic acid-loaded microspheres using a hydrophilic polymer and a solvent evaporation method for sustained drug release, aiming to reduce the frequency of dosing. Background: Mefenamic acid is an anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to manage pain, especially menstrual cramps. Microspheres, which are spherical particles ranging from 1 to 1000 micrometres, are effective in enhancing the sustained release of medications. The solvent evaporation method is widely used in the preparation of microspheres to improve drug delivery profiles. Methods: A UV study of mefenamic acid was conducted to analyze all necessary parameters. Mefenamic acid and ethyl cellulose polymer were dissolved and stirred at 700 rpm using the solvent evaporation method. A surfactant-containing aqueous phase was prepared and maintained under stirring, into which the organic phase was introduced and continuously stirred to form microspheres. The formed microspheres were characterized by loading capacity, drug content, entrapment efficiency, and product yield. Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to confirm the spherical shape of the microspheres. An in vitro release study was conducted using a diffusion technique to evaluate the drug release profile. Result and Discussion: The microspheres were successfully formed with a spherical shape, as observed in SEM images. The evaluation showed favorable loading capacity, entrapment efficiency, and drug content. The in vitro release study demonstrated a sustained release profile, indicating the effectiveness of the hydrophilic polymer in prolonging drug release. Conclusion: The developed mefenamic acid-loaded microspheres using a hydrophilic polymer via the solvent evaporation method achieved sustained drug release, potentially reducing the need for frequent dosing. The method and formulation show promise for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of mefenamic acid.