An investigation into the present condition and biomolecular activities of Bangladeshi seaweed with deadly diseases: a review

Abstract

The potential for therapeutic and nutraceutical applications of marine algae is unparalleled because they contain several novel molecules and other bioactive compounds. Many known and unknown marine algae are abundant in Bangladesh's coastal area, with a total of 119 genera having been identified thus far. In Bangladesh, Tribal communities utilize seaweed as food (salad, soup, jelly, etc.), and Seaweed collectors engage in an annual harvesting operation, extracting a substantial quantity ranging from 6 to 9 metric tons, to clandestinely smuggle their bounty to neighboring countries. U. pinnatifida (wakame), P. palmate (dulse), Laminaria sp (kombu), E. bicyclis (arame), P. yezoensis, P. tenera (Nori), kelp, S. fusiforme (hijiki), Ulva (aonori), are widely used in different cuisines. Recently, in the USA, two commercially available products containing lutein, Aztec Marigold and Tagetes have been introduced to the market, showcasing the growing recognition and utilization of these sources in the health and nutrition industry. Natural drugs are being developed by scientists to prevent and cure various fatal diseases, and seaweeds are among their most promising options because of their diverse metabolites (saturated/ unsaturated fatty acids, alkaloids, terpenoids, sulfated polysaccharides, polyphenols, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, pigments, etc.), inhibit various viruses, bacteria, protozoa, diabetes, cancer, tumors, and oxidants, inflammatory, as well as neuroprotective, and cardiovascular disease preventive. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has given the green light for astaxanthin to be consumed by humans. The carrageenan-based nasal spray and the heparin spray are both safe and efficient in treating the common cold, pulmonary coagulopathy and swelling and is available in the market. Fucoidan is a safe and effective adjuvant, serve as a vaccine. This systematic review focuses on enormous research papers published on seaweeds found in Bangladesh, their metabolites, and their potential bioactivities against chronic and life-threatening diseases.