A survey on causes of extreme heat and its physical: Climatic effects in Bangladesh

Abstract

This study examines the impacts of extreme heat in Bangladesh, focusing on its physical and climatic effects. We used a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis with remote sensing data and spatial modeling to explore temperature changes linked to urbanization and land use. Additionally, qualitative interviews with local communities shed light on their adaptive strategies and vulnerabilities. Our findings indicate a notable rise in urban heat islands, driven by rapid industrialization and deforestation, which poses serious health risks and negatively affects agriculture (Rahman et al., 2022; Islam et al., 2021). We found that urban temperatures have increased by 3 °C over the past decade, which is associated with growing energy demands and water shortages (Choi et al., 2021; Tawsif et al., 2022). To address these issues, we recommend implementing green infrastructure to cool urban areas, raising public awareness about heat resilience, and promoting sustainable land-use policies to decrease heat vulnerability. Additionally, integrating climate adaptation strategies into national planning is essential for tackling the challenges posed by extreme heat (Dimitrova et al., 2021; Ali et al., 2020). Overall, this study enhances our understanding of extreme heat dynamics in Bangladesh and suggests directions for future research and policy development.