Characterization and analysis of the major risk factors of the Kidney Patients of Bangladesh: a retrospective study

Abstract

Kidney disease is a global health burden in recent times. A large number of people all over the world are suffering from some form of kidney disease. The pattern of kidney disease may differ in different parts of the world. Moreover, a large number of kidney patients suffer from Chronic Kidney Disease. The objective of this study is to identify the major risk factors, determine a critical age range for onset of kidney disease and characterizing the kidney patients of Bangladesh by analyzing different cofactors on a retrospective study. The study was carried out in an institution specialized in research, diagnosis and treatment of kidney patients. The name of the institution is “Kidney Foundation, Bangladesh” and it is situated in Mirpur, Dhaka. A total of 200 subjects data were taken under this study for analyzing their cases who were registered patients at the institute in 2016. From the patients file, respective data were collected for further analysis. The prevalence of kidney disease was observed in a higher percentage in man (54%) than women (46%). Most of the subjects were of the age range of 51-60 and above 60 years (25.5% each). This specific age range was found almost similarly predominant within both male and female subjects. After calculating the Body Mass Index of the subjects, it was found that, although the largest percentage of it lies within the normal weight limit (45%), there was a concerning percentage lies within the overweight limit (39.5%). Moreover, 13.5% patients were obese and only 2% were under weight. From the total number of subjects, 70% were suffering from Chronic Kidney disease. In addition, a strong association of diabetes and hypertension with Chronic Kidney Disease was also observed. Among 140 patients of Chronic Kidney Disease, 33% had diabetes, 36% had hypertension and 31% had both diabetes and hypertension. Along with that, from total 200 subjects, 31% had hypertension, 28% had diabetes and 23% had both diabetes and hypertension and remaining 18% had none of them. Besides these, most of the patients (38%) blood group was B+(ve). Although the weight of the kidneys was not available in the patient’s medical file, their kidney length was found as normal in size. The evidence from the study presented that, the critical age range for onset of kidney disease is above 50 years for both male and female individual and there is a strong association of diabetes and hypertension with Chronic Kidney Disease.