Implications of unusual non-coding RNAs in human diseases

Abstract

Over the last few decades, the occurrences of genetic diseases and the rationale behind them are still under the wheels of research. Researchers have unveiled various causes of genetic disorders and shed light on the underlying complex connections. Although, there has been extensive work on genetic diseases that have mainly focused on the mutation among the coding gene as they carry the blueprint for protein synthesis. However, the unexplored non-coding RNAs also play a unique and critical role in gene transcription regulation and protein generation. This review mainly focuses on those specific non-coding RNAs that are thought of as unconventional in terms of their roles in gene expression regulation and are thus are termed as unusual non-coding RNA. In particular, we summarize our current understanding of the relationship of unusual non-coding RNA with human diseases. We also explore the regions in non-coding RNA, responsible for stimulating and promoting human diseases and look for the possible avenues for developing diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics.