A review on newly approved PARP inhibitors: Talazoparib and Olaparib
Abstract
This review delves into the intricate landscape of Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP)
inhibitors, specifically focusing on two notable contenders in cancer therapy – Talazoparib and
Olaparib. By targeting the DNA Damage Repair (DDR) signaling system crucial for cancer
growth, these inhibitors disrupt essential mechanisms like homologous recombination, base
excision repair, and mismatch repair.
Talazoparib, a PARP inhibitor, has demonstrated its potential as a breakthrough in metastatic
breast cancer with BRCA1/2 mutations, surpassing traditional chemotherapy in efficacy.
Through PARP trapping and catalytic inhibition, Talazoparib disrupts repair processes, earning
approval for BRCA-mutated breast cancer and homologous recombination repair (HRR)
gene-mutated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.Similarly, Olaparib, another PARP
inhibitor, is approved for treating pancreatic, ovarian, breast, and prostate cancers. Its impact on
synthetic lethality in cancer cells with BRCA mutations is evident, blocking PARP-mediated
repair of single-strand breaks. Clinical trials affirm Olaparib's manageable safety profile and
efficacy in treating HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, prostate cancer, and ovarian cancer.
The study concludes that Olaparib and Talazoparib stand as effective therapeutic options across
various cancer types and genetic abnormalities. It aims to enlighten medical professionals about
the potential of precision medicine in advancing cancer therapy, emphasizing the need for
personalized approaches in clinical practice.