A review on synthesis, characterization, and pharmacological evaluation of second-line antidiabetic drugs
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that is spreading at an exponential rate and
burdening healthcare systems everywhere. This review's main focus is on an overview of DM
and the current and new pharmacological treatments for treating type 2 diabetes. Even
though conventional drugs like insulin, sulfonylureas, and metformin, are still widely used;
novel drugs that target different blood glucose-lowering pathways are now available. In this
review, the effectiveness and safety profiles of several different second-line anti-diabetic
drugs, along with different novel synthetic routes are discussed. It is challenging to select the
most efficient synthesis method from a large number of studies, but an in-depth evaluation of
effective synthesis methods is provided, along with a variety of optimization strategies. We
expect that the review article will aid researchers with invaluable, compiled information in
second-line anti-diabetic drugs. Further research on the synthesis of more successful antidiabetic
drugs with the potential for fewer side effects and dose-related issues may benefit
from this review.