A study on antibiotic resistance pattern among patients of a selected hospital in Narayanganj, Bangladesh

Abstract

The emergence and spread of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens pose a significant threat to global public health, challenging the efficacy of antimicrobial treatments and leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. This study aimed was to investigate the prevalence of MDR pathogens and their antimicrobial sensitivity patterns in clinical from a selected hospital in Narayanganj, Bangladesh. This retrospective study was conducted using clinical records from Pro-Active Medical College & Hospital Limited Microbiology Laboratory between January, 2021 to September, 2023. Out of a total of 2340 samples, only 650 showed the presence of pathogens. These isolates were isolated from various specimens, like urine, stool, blood, and other biological body fluids. Then the data was analyzed according to including age, gender, and antibiotic susceptibility. Patients were divided into three groups based on their age: 0–20, 21–60, and 61–100+. The resistance pattern and distribution of these pathogens according to gender and age were prepared. The MAR Index and MDR percentages were determined. Among the 650 isolates, E. coli (64%) was found to be the most common, followed by S. typhi (18%), S. aureus (8%), Klebsiella spp. (7%), and others. The results reveal a concerning trend of rising MDR pathogen prevalence, particularly among Gramme-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Salmonella typhi. Additionally, the study highlights variations in antimicrobial resistance patterns according to gender and age based on local epidemiological data. The study revealed that 433 (66.6%) of the positive infections were recovered from females. According to the data, the age group of 1–10 years old had the highest percentage of infected patients (25.1%), followed by the age group of 21–30 years old (18.6%). Additionally, the data revealed that male patients had a higher susceptibility to S. typhi (28.6%), while female patients had a higher susceptibility to E. coli (73.4%). Furthermore, the analysis underscores the importance of antimicrobial stewardship vi programs and infection control measures in mitigating the spread of MDR pathogens. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the current landscape of antimicrobial resistance, which will help to form strategies for effective management and containment of MDR infections.