“Pseudomonas aeruginosa characterization and analysis based on its antimicrobial resistant pattern collected from hospital wastewater and adjacent community water.”

Abstract

Introduction: The main purpose of this study is to identify the multidrug-resistant genes from some specific microorganisms. Among them, our selected organism was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The highly known Carbapenem and beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa was given priority in this study to test how much resistance and sensitivity is related to this organism in the context of Bangladesh, particularly in the highly polluted and unhealthy conditions of Dhaka city. To conduct this study different water samples from hospital waste and its surrounding selected community tap has been collected. Hospital wastewater is one of the major sources of antibiotic-resistant pathogens that is becoming an alarming concern daily.

Method: This study has been from January 2023 to June 2023. A total of 54 confirmed Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were suspected from 78 isolates collected from hospital wastewater and adjacent community tap water. To identify exact isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the phenotypic technique was used. Also, the Antibiotic Susceptibility test helped to detect which antibiotics from different generations are susceptible or resistant against the specific isolate. Since biochemical procedures are less accurate than PCR and need additional resources and time besides these methods, we did further PCR tests to identify the resistant gene of ESBL (Extended spectrum β-lactamase) and MBLS (Metallo-beta-lactamase) after getting the multidrug-resistant isolates. ATCC strains are used as positive controls.

Result: There was a total of 78 samples taken from the nearby community water and the three hospitals, and 54 of those 78 samples contained Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates that could be confirmed. There are 69.23% confirmed isolates. These 54 confirmed isolates showed resistance to different 12 antibiotics. The hospital water showed the most resistance towards amoxyclav (94%) and then towards cefixime and ceftriaxon (82%). Whereas, the community water isolates resistance was quite similar. The highest resistance they showed towards amoxiclav (90%) and the second highest is cefixime (82%). Among all these isolates 7 isolates were chosen that showed the most resistance and further identification of Multidrug Resistance were done. Among them, for Bla-CtxM and Bla-SHV, two isolates from the June sample had positive results, or 28.5% of the total and one isolate from the June sample tested positive for Bla-oxa 48, or 14.2% of the total.

Conclusion: The quality of drinking water, distribution lines, and waste management of hospital water have now become key concerns for the spread of antibiotic resistance among various species, particularly for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. So, the goal of this study is to find out if this multi-drug-resistant bacteria is present in the wastewater of the hospital and its adjacent community water.